高考英语阅读理解解题技巧之主旨大意题

高考英语阅读理解解题技巧之主旨大意题阅读理解之主旨大意题Ⅰ.每日经典谚语和句型背诵与仿写1.Nothingistoodifficultifyouputyourheartintoit.世上无难事，只怕有心人。2....as...aspossible=...as...asonecan尽可能……活学活用仿照上述句型，翻译下列句子。(1)我们应该尽可能地多读书。__________________________________________________________________________(2)政府部门必须尽快采取行动保护河流被污染。______________________________________________________________________________Weshouldreadasmanybooksaspossible./Weshouldreadasmanybooksaswecan.Thegovernmentmusttakeactionstopreventtheriverfrombeingpollutedassoonaspossible.Ⅱ.阅读理解之主旨大意题我们阅读一篇文章，首先是要了解其大意，明确其主旨。因此，主旨大意题是常考题。主旨大意题包括：主要内容(mainidea,mainlyabout)型、文章标题(title)型、写作目的(purpose)型。广东高考近几年来考查过的题目中mainlyabout只考过4题，title题考了5题，purpose题考了5题。◎解题技巧1.弄清文章的大意，关键是找到主题句。主题句的位置：主题句通常在文首、文末或首尾呼应，有时也在文中，或没有主题句，需根据文章所述内容进行归纳。各段的主题句也常在该段的首句或尾句。议论文和说明文一般有主题句，但记叙文通常没有主题句，需要归纳。2.找主题句的方法：用浏览法(skimming)，即快速阅读文首、文尾，或每段的首句和尾句等，搜索主题线索和主题信息。找主题句的四个小窍门：(1)段落中出现表转折的词语(如however,but,infact,actually等)时，该句很可能是主题句。(2)首段出现疑问句时，对该问题的回答很可能就是文章主旨。(3)作者有意识地反复重复的观点，通常是主旨;反复出现的词语，一般为体现文章主旨的关键词。(4)表示总结或结论的话常有therefore,thus,inshort,conclude,conclusion等。3.关于干扰项和正确答案。(1)干扰项可能属文中某个具体事实或细节;可能属文中某些(不完全的)事实或细节片面推出的错误结论;可能属非文章事实的主观臆断。(2)正确答案：是根据文章意思全面理解而归纳概括出来的;但不能太笼统、言过其实或以偏概全。4.在阅读理解中，主旨大意题常有以下几种命题方式：(1)Mainidea型：选择项多为陈述句，要求考生选择表达作者思想或观点的句子。题干多为如下形式：①What'sthemainidea/pointofthepassage?②Thepassageismainlyabout________.③Thepassageismainlyconcernedabout________.④Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthemainideaofthepassage?⑤Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestexpressesthemainidea/themeofthepassage?⑥Inthispassagetheauthordiscussesprimarily______.⑦Thesubjectdiscussedinthistextis________.⑧Thegeneral/mainideaofthepassageisabout________.(2)Mainpurpose型：选择项多为动宾结构，要求考生找到主要的写作目的，常见以下几种题干形式：①What'sthepurposeofthepassage?②Thepassageismeantto________.③Thepurposeofthearticleisto________.④Inthispassagethewritertriestotellusthat________.⑤Thepassagetellsusthat________.⑥Theauthor'smainpurposeinwritingthepassageisto...(3)标题型：选择文章标题是另一类对主旨大意题考查的形式，命题形式：①Thebesttitleofthepassageis________.②Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthepassage?③Thebesttitleforthepassageis________.④Themostappropriatetitleofthepassageis________.Intheanimalkingdom,weaknesscanbringaboutaggressioninotheranimal.Thissometimeshappenswithhumansalso.ButIhavefoundthatmyweaknessbringsoutthekindnessinpeople.Iseeiteverydaywhenpeopleholddoorsforme,pourcreamintomycoffee,orhelpmetoputonmycoat.AndIhavediscoveredthatitmakesthemhappy.典型例析Frommywheelchairexperience,Iseethebestinpeople...Often,wetryeverywaypossibletoavoidshowingourweakness...Butonlywhenwestoppretendingwe'rebraveorstrongdoweallowpeopletoshowthekindnessthat'sinthem.30.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.AWheelchairExperience.B.WeaknessandKindness.C.WeaknessandStrength.D.ADrivingExperience解析：主旨大意题。在第一段中，出现了表转折的But...可知，“ButIhavefoundthatmyweaknessbringsoutthekindnessinpeople”便是主题句，再根据第二段最后一句可以确定，这句的确是主题句。又因标题要简明、醒目，故选B。答案：BInaworldwithlimitedland,waterandothernaturalresources(资源),theharmfromthetraditionalbusinessmodelisontherise.Actually,thepastdecadehasseenmoreandmoreforestsdisappearingandglobebecomingincreasinglywarm.Peoplenowrealizethatthisunhealthysituationmustbechanged,andthatwemustbeabletodevelopinsustainable(可持续的)ways.Thatmeansgrowthwithlowcarbonordevelopmentofsustainableproducts.Inotherwords,weshouldkeeptheearthhealthywhileusingitssupplyofnaturalresources.Today,sustainabledevelopmentisapropertrendinmanycountries....Inrecentyearsthemarketsforsustainableproductshavegrownbymorethan50%.45.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.Tointroduceanewbusinessmodel.B.Tocomparetwobusinessmodels.C.Topredictachangeoftheglobalmarket.D.Toadvocatesustainabledevelopment.解析：主旨大意题。在第一段中，出现了转折的Actually，其后的“Peoplenowrealizethatthisunhealthysituationmustbechanged，andthatwemustbeabletodevelopinsustainable(可持续的)ways”是主题句，随后的两句话都是对这一句进行解释;句中两个must清楚表明了作者“提倡可持续发展”，第二段首句“Today，sustainabledevelopmentisapropertrendinmanycountries”进一步说明，作者写这篇文章的主要目的是“提倡可持续发展”。故选D。答案：DAlthoughtheuseoftheexpressionisaninsincere,meaninglesssocialcustomattimes,thereisnothingwrongwiththesentenceexceptthatitislittleuninteresting.Thesalesgirl,thewaitress,theteacher,andallthecountlessotherswhospeakitwithoutthinkingmaynotreallycareaboutmyday.Butinastrangeandcomfortableway,it'snicetoknowtheycareenoughtopretendtheycarewhentheyreallydon'tcareallthatmuch.Whiletheexpressionmaynotoftenbesincere,itisalwaysspoken.Thepointisthatpeoplesayitallthetimewhentheylike.30.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.HaveaNiceDay—aSocialCustomB.HaveaNiceDay—aPleasantGestureC.HaveaNiceDay—aHeartwarmingGreetingD.HaveaNiceDay—aPoliteEndingofaConversation解析：主旨大意题。由该段的第一句(特别是custom一词)可知。答案：A(2013年高考)Imaginationandfantasycanplayanimportantroleinachievingthethingswefear.Childrenknowthisverywell.FredEpstein，inhisbookIfIMakeIttoFive，tellsastoryheheardfromoneoffriendsaboutTom，afouryearoldboywithacancerinhisbackbone.Hecamethroughseveraloperationsandalotofpainbymasteringhisimagination…Itdoesn'tmeanthatyoushoulddressasasuperheroforyounextjobinterview.But，nexttimeyouaretestedinawaythatseemsimpossible,imaginewhatitwouldtaketooverc