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1991,6(3):10010AetaAgrieulturaeBorealiSiniea2n(,i010030)Zn,Zn,Zn、。Zn、、,Zn。ZnZn,,〔9〕。(2n),85Zn,,、、〔1,8,gj。,2n,Zn、,Zn。FDRZn(),、、74%,。,Zn,2000〔4,”。Zn,Zn〔2,3〕。Zn,,2000,。、2n,3;ZnJ、70,Zn,A。A.Qiunn,(:。la:。m)2n(1),Groupp。:ejas.cacoenseZn〔8〕。Hermundstad5.A.Peloquin5.T.(1955),},5.be:tha。ltii,5.k。,tz￡anum,5.5egazz`:￡is.t。,ij。nses.t。:。:。m“”(Zn=Zx24)2。〔14j。12n5%Zn5%Zn52。Seriss。CommersonianaChaceonseTarijenseSeries。CuneoalataInfundibuliformeSeriesMegistaeroloaMegi、taerolobumRaphanifoliumSeriesPinnatiseetaCardioPhyllumSeriesTuhero、aBukasoviiCanase”seKutzianumMierodontumCroupphureiaSParsipilumSpegazziniiVernei610ID01762。01.7041。0。0461428063439193291489;;1.81.310。0C。018。2e。OO。0。。384Zn,,,.St。mSeag。(Zn=4x=48),Zn,(pssPsPsP)〕。,,Zn〔9〕。,,Zn,。、2nZn,。01261.:,F,,,Zn〔1〕。2.:,,ds、as、syn、dy、pel、peZ、pe3、pe4、ps、dsyZn〔1,2,3〕。3.:Zn。:,,,,〔1。,Zn。、2n1965,Zn,1970,Zn,5.J.Peloquin(1970):Zn,。,Zn〔1;、6,2,19,12)。,Zn()。、11④-AltllAll、、、D1〔.P’r、-。①③2n(Iwanaga,M.198Souter,E.W.1950),。1.(ps):1975MokPeloqiun,l,,,(60。),;I,,〔12〕。2.(pc):p。、cPZ、p。3、pc4,,。cP,,3:2n,Zn1r2,13〕。3.:,Syln,(IwanagaPeloquin,2979);SynZ,(Tohnstow,etal,1951),Syn3,(OkwuagwaPeloquin,1981);Syn4,(Iwanaga,1954)〔1,19〕。,,I。OkwuagwaPeloquin(1981)Zn,Iwanaga(1984)tlz’mbaSyn4,sPZn〔1。,,,Zn,Zn〔ID。、.2nZn,Zn,FDRZn()SDRZn(),。Iwanaga,M.(1982),sPFDRnZ,,50%;pcSDRZn。,FDRZnSDRZn(2)。2,,FDRZn80%,,cPSDRZn40%,,。2FOR、SORnZ~i-{{.{l’.~【61。5)(1〕!4/J41`】757550`5061。580。339。662。6(,1987)Zn(FDR),(3)。3,(),,,100%,Zn6。Iwaga,,Syn4sP,94%〔19〕。3`/()808891949700181512.]AaPsPsAaPSPssyyAaPsPSsysyAaPsPssy3yAapspssy`vAapspssysyAap5P、3ysyAAaapsPs(Iwanaga,M.1984,988),,,。、2n1.ZnZn,FDRZn〔3,16,17,18,20〕。,〔10〕,FDRZn,FDRZnZx,。4(/)IlaneoekPhinelanoer4XZX(FDR)4XZX(SDR)4X4X{2。751。901。80ZX(FDR)1.2;ZX(SD)1.1;4X2.4;LSD(PO`01aneok)0.73;LSD(P0.01Pliinclander)0.57;LSD(P0.01)0.53。MokPeloqui,1,1975。MokPeloquin〔15〕4Zx(FDR),4Zx(SDR)4x·Zx(FD)R、·4x4x·Zx(SDR)36,(4)。:4x·Zx(FDR)。1951DeJong〔17〕664x·Zx(FDR)。3:Zn4,57972、579795875144x·Zx(FDR)Kennebec。19574x·Zx(FDR)4x.4x(NeoTuberosum),4x·4x4X·Zx(FDR)、._L(NeoTuberosum)〔3〕。,FDRZn。2.Zn,5A3A3(0。17)A3A4(0。66)A4A4(0。17)A3A4(FDRZnA1Al(O。17)A1A1A3A3(0。0289)A1A1A3A4(0。1122)A1A1A4A(0。0289A1A1A3A4(O。17)A1AZ(O。66)A1A2A33(0。1122)A1A2A3A4(0、365)A1A2A4A4(0。1122)A1A2A3A4(0.66)A2AZ(0。17)A2A2A3A3(0。0289)AZ2A3A4(0。1122)A2AZA44n。0289、A2A2A3A4(0。17)*。klI,(),〔5,’〕。,,A,A,A::,,\,ZA:A4A;A,AZAZ3A3、A4,jL,A:AZA3A、43.65%(5)。FDRZn,A,:,,A:AZA3A、66%。,FDRZn,。3.2。FDRnZ.’},FDRnZ(6)。A(PVA),IDRZnr,AAaFDRZn,AaaaAAaa。AAAaAAAA,,AAAaAAA,AaaaAAaa。AA}Aa。,Zn,〔2?。66(aaa)a(%)_____.____100578796100AA(FDR)Aa(FRD)aaaAAaaaAAA10100SO38DDI100M.I,anaga,1982。4.Zn,,74%,,21〕。,4x(2。=Zx24)2。〔2〕,(HougaSP“loqiun,1960),,,,,Zn{21J。Zn,〔211。,FDRZn,。、2nePloquin,Zn2000,`。T.A.Laen。〔。,,,Zn。,Zn,、。,、`l”,,FDRZn4x·Zx。,5.ph、:。j。、5.`h。。。。;:。、5.9。。iOC。!ljxs.t。。:、m,Zn,B247Zn3050%。x4x·Zx。,Zn,Zn4x·Zx〔3,2。,IJ]￡.`Ibe:。:。5,g:“m:2。2。S.Ta。ksley,,〔21〕。,2,,:,7〕,Zn)’`。,2。、,Zn!。〔1〕:Zn`,,2(2)1988:102105〔2〕:{:n」,《》,1(`)1987:16〔3〕:,“,《》,1(1)198:7194〕Peloquin,S.J.(1983(’{):2000!,j,,《》,1985(4):374u〔5Iw“anga,M.().t、,《》,1985(3):5560〔。〕R“m““,M.S.(1983)():,《》,2(3)1988:t85192_7〕oqiltn,S.J.(19s(:,《》,1`〕863):60638〔t。n.A.A.,Mok,D.W.SPeloquln,5.J.:D15trib[;iorand529:zif。:、tzeeofdplandroids:,moghtdiploid、olanum,AmerieanPotat{.1974(51).1621〔9ID:。Nij、T.P.M.etal:Zngamete“1,lp〕tato、peeie、andtheirfunetionseXualp。{yploidzzoi。,z,Euphytiea,1977(29):253、JLl〔Mu:doza,H.A.,Haynes,F.L.:Gen`t:esba“z、ofhoter。、i、foryieldxntheautotetraploi(lpotat,TheoretiealAplliedGenetle“,1974(4:21、25115《)t,ter,E.W.,DaVeJ.C.,Peloquln,5.J.:;,x。。11enforlllat`、nviaparallelspidlesinp。。toteultivarSebagoAmer,P.J.,980(75):41955〔2〕M(k,D.W.S.etal:Threemeehanz、m、、f20Pollenf、」rmationixl(liploldpotat。,Can.J.Genet.Cy01.,107;(17):21722513Mok,D.W.S.,Peloqui1,5.J.:The,,、herita:leeofthr。。n,eehani“msofdiplandr)id(2,p`〕1ICnformalorl10dxplojdpoat。,e、,Herod;t·。,1975(67):204208〔141。rmundstad,S.A.,Pei()quin,S.J.:Male。rtiltyandZnpollenproduetionInhaploid-wild、poeicsllybrlds:Aer.P.J.,1985〔62:487497〔1,、Mok,D.W.S.,Peloquin,5.J.:Breedingvaleofnpollenintetrapl()iddlploide。、、1,1potatoe“,Theor.Appl.Gonet.,1975(46):307314〔16〕Melldiburu,A.O.,Peloqui。*5.J.:The、lgnifie:nee()f。gametesztpotatobroeding,Theor.Appl.Ge:let.,19749):5361〔173DeJongeal:Yiel(1potentialanogenetypeoviron,nontinterati`〕n、oftetraploiddiploid(4Xx)potatohybrid“,Anl。:.P.J.,198158):191998〕DEJong,H.etal:Arzaly、1、。retrapfoiddiploidhybrid、ineultivatedpotatoe“,Potat。)Researeh.,1977(20):111121f19Iw。。aga,M.:Diseovoro7o`syn、:i〔rnllt:、。tIt,p〔、tat`)hapl、)id、andi”l“efulnossfor108potatobreeding,Theo:.Appl.Genet.,1984:8793LZ。〕Mendiburu,A.0.,Peloquin,5.J.:HighyieldmatingAmer。P.J.,1971(48):300301〔21〕Iwanaga,M.:Useofwild、peeiesforimproVing1989:166tetraoloidfrom4x2xandZxZxpotatovarietyCIPCireular.,17()GenetieMeehanismsofPotatoZngameteandItsUtilityValueinBreedingL1Wengang(In:e:ongoliaeademofg:icultu,alSeienees,Huot)AbstraetBasedonavastamountofdatathatrefleetedthedeveloPmentonresearel-anduseof2ngameteathomeandabroad,thispapersummarizedth(:distributionof2ngameteinpotatospeeies,thebasisofeytogeneties,andexpoundedemphatieallythemeehani