M7U1-grammar-and-usage

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Unit1TransitiveverbsandintransitiveverbsLookatthesesentencesandpayattentiontothedifference.ThesefansarewaitingforthecomingofWangFei.ChildrenarelookingforwardtothegiftsfromSantoClaus.Aftergraduation,shefoundajobinaninternationalcompany.HecookedadeliciousmeallastSunday.从上面的句子我们可以看出,有些动词可以直接带宾语,如found,cooked;而有些动词需要借助介词或副词才可以接宾语,如wait,look。定义•英语中按动词后可否直接跟宾语,可把动词分成及物动词和不及物动词。Iboughtabookyesterday.ThestationofZhangzizhongwasnamedforhero.•及物动词后面可以直接接宾语,直接宾语,间接宾语和宾补。1.宾语可以由名词、代词、动词不定式,动词的-ing形式和宾语从句来充当。Scientistsmadegreatachievementsinthisfield.Whenheisintrouble,hisfriendsalwayshelphimalot.Shecanmanagetocompletethistaskontime.Nobodyknowswhatwillhappeninthefuture.Wouldyoumindopeningthewindow?Onmybirthdayshegavemeamobilephoneasagift.me间接宾语amobilephone直接宾语通常情况下,物做直接宾语,人做间接宾语。2.直接宾语和间接宾语3.宾语补足语IfindlearningEnglishdifficult.Sheoftenshowshernewclothestous.某些及物动词的宾语后面还需要有一个补足语,意思才完整,宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。Manyhomeappliancesarewidelyusedinpeople’sdailylife.Thesportsmeetingisdelayedbecauseofthisheavyrain.4.大多数的及物动词都可以用在被动语态中。不及物动词不可以直接接宾语,也不能用在被动语态中。1.不及物动词后面可以接状语。Moreopportunitiesandchallengeslieaheadofus.2.不及物动词后面可以接介词或介词短语构成动词短语。Thenurselookedafterthesebabiesdayandnight.有些动词既可以做及物动词,又可以做不及物动词。我们要根据具体的语境进行分析。Whocananswerthisquestion?Ifyoucontinuetobehavelikethis,you’llhavetoanswerforyourbehavior.从上面的句子,我们可以看出前一个answer的意思是“回答”,后者的意思是“为…负责”。1.Theconstructionofthisroadbenefitsthewholearea.2.Itispredictedthatbothcountrieswillbenefitfromthisagreement.3.Theysufferedhugelossesinthefinancialcrisis.4.Thepeopleinthemountainousareassufferedfrompovertyinthepast.有时英语动词的及物和不及物的用法,与汉语的用法不一样,请注意下列两种情况:a)有的动词在英语里只能用作不及物动词,而汉语则可用作及物动词,如:arrive,agree,listen,英语里这些动词后面常接介词。Wearrivedattherailwaystationatnoon.我们于中午到达火车站。(at不能省去)(比较:Wereachedtherailwaystationatnoon.)Everybodylistenedtothelecturewithgreatinterest.每个人都很有兴趣地听讲课。(to不可省去)(比较:Weallheardthelecture.)Dotheyagreetotheplan?他们同意这个计划吗?(to不可省去)b)有的动词在英语里能用作及物动词,而在汉语里则不能用作及物动词,如serve(为……服务)。Ourchildrenaretaughttoservethepeoplewholeheartedly.我们的孩子被教以全心全意为人民服务。容易误用作及物动词的9个不及物动词误:dealaproblem正:dealwithaproblem处理问题误:dependsb.正:dependonsb.依靠(依赖)某人误:insistdoingsth.正:insistondoingsth.坚持要做某事误:knockthedoor正:knockon/atthedoor敲门误:operatesb.正:operateonsb.为某人做手术误:participatesth.正:participateinsth.参加某事误:refersth.正:refertosth.查阅(参考)某物误:relysb./sth.正:relyonsb./sth.依靠(依赖)某人(某物)误:replyaletter正:replytoaletter回信注:在某些其他用法中,以上有的动词也可能及物,如insist,reply等动词后可接宾语从句,operate表示“操作、管理”等时则及物。Anumberofbabiesarereportedto______kidneystonesafterbeingfedmilkpowderbytheSanluGroup,oneofChina'sbiggestdairyproducers.A.havesufferedfromB.havesufferedC.sufferD.sufferfrom【解析】句意:据报道说,一些婴儿喝了三鹿集团生产的奶粉后得了肾结石,三鹿集团是中国最大的奶产品生产商之一。sufferfrom“受……之苦,患……病”。这里用不定式的完成式表示动作已经发生。AVarietiesofprogrammersintheTVstation_______manydifferenttypesofinterestandtasteamongthepublic.A.catertoB.appealtoC.applytoD.adjustto【解析】caterto迎合,满足;appealto呼吁,吸引;applyto应用于;adjustto调节,适应,根据题意应选A。A—WhatshouldIdofirst?—Theinstructions____thatyoushouldmixflourandwatercarefullyfirst.A.goB.tellC.writeD.say解析:go是不及物动词,其后不能直接跟宾语从句。tell是及物动词,也不能直接带宾语从句,但可以带sb.+that引导的宾语从句。write也是及物动词,必须以人做主语时才能带that引导的宾语从句。say是及物动词,其后可以接that引导的宾语从句,其主语可以是人也可以是物。DItwasalreadymidnightandonlythreeyoungmen____intheteahouse.A.leftB.remainedC.delayedD.deserted解析:left意为“留下,剩下”时是leave的过去分词。leave是及物动词,可用在leavesb.somewhere或sb.beleftsomewhere这样的结构中。delay和desert都是及物动词,其后要有宾语,但本题并无宾语,其意也跟题意完全不符。remain是不及物动词,其英语释义是tostayinthesameplacewithoutmovingaway,符合题目的要求,故答案为B。BIneedonemorestampbeforemycollection_______.A.iscompletedB.completesC.hasbeencompletedD.hascompleted解析:complete是及物动词,因此必须带宾语。但本题中complete的对象做了before从句中的主语,所以complete必须用被动语态。故答案为A。AThetrafficlights____greenandIpulledaway.A.cameB.grewC.gotD.went解析:green是表示颜色的形容词,可见前面应该用连系动词。come除了在cometrue这个习语中一般不做连系动词;grow做连系动词时表示“渐变”;get做连系动词时表示“情感、情绪或状态的变化”;go做连系动词可表示颜色的变化(turn也可以)。故选D。D—Whatdidyouthinkofherspeech?—She______foronehourbutdidn't_____much.A.spoke;speakB.spoke;sayC.said;speakD.said;say【解析】speak作不及物动词,意为“说、发言、演讲”;speak作及物动词时意为“讲某种语言”;say作及物动词,意为“说、讲”,后接宾语。句意:她讲了一个小时,但并没有说出多少(事)。B—WhatshouldIweartoattendhisweddingparty?—Dress_______youlike.A.whatB.howeverC.whateverD.how【解析】dress在这里用到的是不及物动词用法,是“穿衣服,打扮”的意思,其后不接宾语从句而是要接状语从句,意思是“你喜欢的话,不管怎么打扮都可以”,在这个句子里like是不及物动词,不需要接宾语而要接however引导的状语从句,所以本题选B。B(2008年安徽卷,28)--Areyouhappywithyournewcomputer?--No,itis______mealotoftrouble.A.showingB.leavingC.givingD.sparing【解析】句意:---你对你的新的计算机满意吗?---不,它给我带来许多麻烦。四个选项中的动词都可以接双宾语,但意义不同。showsb.sth.给某人看某物,出示某物给某人看;leavesb.sth.给某人留下某物;givesb.sth.给某人某物;sparesb.sth.为某人抽出……,由对话情景判断应用动词give.B(2014福建卷)30.Forthosewithfamilymembersfaraway,thepersonalcomputerandthephoneareimportantinstaying________.A.connectedB.connectingC.toconnectD.tobeconnected【解析】系动词stay/get后面经常接过去分词转换的形容词,如getpaid获得报酬。getburnt被烫伤;本句中的stayconnected保持联系。句义:对于那些家人在远方的人,电脑和电话在和家人保持联系方面是很重要的。故A正确。A-HasJanedonethewashingyet?-Youcannot_____hertodosuchathing.(2015苏州)A.wantB.hopeC.expectD.wishC-Doyouthinkourbasketballteamwillwinthematch?-Yes,wehavebetterplayers.SoI_____themtowin.(2015自贡)A.hopeB.helpC.expectC

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