英语简单句基本句型A:词类及基本用法练习:翻译下面的句子并判断是哪种句型1.太阳从东方升起来了。2.她喜欢看书。3.他的脸红了。4.我给他看我的照片。5.他们把门漆成绿色。Thesunhasrisenintheeast.Sheenjoysreading.Hisfaceturnedred.Ishowedhimmypictures.Theypaintedthedoorgreen.英语句子长短简繁不一,表面上似乎难以捉摸,但可以从实质上发现其内在联系,找出其共同规律。即可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型,是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。基本句型一:S+V(主+谓)基本句型二:S+V+P(主+谓/系+表)基本句型三:S+V+O(主+谓+宾)基本句型四:S+V+InO+DO(主+谓+间宾+直宾)基本句型五:S+V+O+OC(主+谓+宾+宾补)各种词类及其在句子中的作用:1.Nouns(n.)名词:-----主语(S),宾语(O),表语(P)等2.Verbs(v.)动词----谓语(V)(vt.及物动词/vi.不及物动词)3.Pronouns(pron.)代词:----主语,宾语,表语等e.g.Katehasapiano.Shelikesitverymuch.____S___V_______O___S___V__O4.Adjectives(adj.)形容词:----定语(At.)表语(P)e.g.Theovercoatisverybeautiful.Thisisaverybeautifulovercoat.5.Adverbs(adv.)副词:------状语(Ad.)6.Numerals(num.)数词:------定语,表语,主语等e.g.25(desks)______(be)enough.7.Articles(art.)冠词:一般不单独构成句子成分(At.)(P)is8.Prepositions(prep.)介词(in,at,on,…)prep.+n.介词短语-----状语(Ad.),表语等e.g.Wecanseethebikeunderthetree.9.Conjunctions(conj.)连词(and,or,but,so…)一般不构成成分,仅起连接作用10.Interjections(interj.)感叹词(ah,oh,yeah…)一般不构成成分,起加强语气作用1.句子的成分主语:谓语:宾语:宾语补足语:表语:定语:修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语表示句子说的是什么人或什么事,由名,代,数,不定式,动名词,短语或句子充当位于句首。说明主语做什么,是什么或怎么样由动词或动词词组充当,位于主语后。表示动作行为的对象,通常位于及物动词和介词后面。补充宾语的成分,通常位于宾语后。由形容词,名词,介词短语等充当。说明主语的性质或特征,位于系动词之后。以上的成分称为基本句子成分。完整的句子一般至少包含2--4个基本成分。英语简单句五种基本句型B:基本句型基本句型一S(subject)+V(verb)(主+谓)特点:句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。e.g.Hiswordsworks.SV基本句型二S+V+P(主+系+表)特点:句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思,必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语,才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做(连)系动词。系动词可分四类:1)be本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用,后可接动词外的任何词;2)感官动词类look,feel,smell,taste,sound等+adj.3)表示变化:get,grow,become,turn,go等4)表示状态延续:stay,keep,prove,remain,stand等以及prove等。+adj.+adj.1.ThisisanEnglishdictionary.2.Everythinglooksdifferent.3.天气更凉爽了。Theweatherbecomescooler.基本句型三S+V+O(主+谓+宾)特点:谓语动词都是实义动词,但不能表达完整的意思,必须跟宾语,即动作的承受者,才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。e.g.Welikethemovie.SVo1.她经常帮她妈妈。Sheoftenhelpshermother.2.我想要一杯茶。Iwantacupoftea.基本句型四S+V+InO+DO(主+谓+间宾+直宾)特点:谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者,另一个是动作的间接承受者。通常可改为S+V+DO+prep.+InOe.g.Shegavemeanapple.=Shegaveanappletome.1.Shepassedhimanewdress.2John告诉我他的想法。Johntoldmehisidea.基本句型五S+V+O+OC(主+谓+宾+宾补)特点:动词虽然是及物动词,但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思,必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语,才能使意思完整。判断原则:能表达成—宾语是…/做…e.g.Wemadehimthemanager.SVOOC1.Wekeepthetableclean.2.Isawthemgettingonthebus.3.他让我马上回来。Heaskedmetocomebacksoon.基本句型六Therebe+主语特点。Therebe句型适用于一般将来时态和一般过去时态。Be根据主语的单复数变化。Eg.Thereare5pens.1.Thereislotsofwater.2.Therewillbeafootballmatchthisafternoon.3.Thereweresomepeoplejustnow.Therebe+主语1.Plantsneedwater.S+V+O(主+谓+宾)2.Theflowerissofresh.S+V+P(主+系+表)3.Theyworkhard.S+V(主+谓)4.Hegivesmesomeseeds.S+V+InO+DO(主+谓+直宾+间宾)5.Weshouldkeeptheplantsintheshade.S+V+O+OC(主+谓+宾+宾补)6.Manyanimalsliveintrees.S+V(主+谓)7.Thereare11rulersonthedesk.Therebe+主语基本句型的扩展:e.g.Wefoundthehallfull.我们发现礼堂坐满了。Wefoundthegreathallfullofstudentsandteachers.Wefoundthegreathallfullofstudentsandteacherslisteningtoanimportantreport.按结构英语句子主要可以分成三种:简单句,并列句,复合句e.g.1)Theteacher’snameisSmith.2)Theteacher’snameisSmithandthestudent’snameisJohn.3)HeisSmithwholikesgoinghiking.--4)HeisSmithandhelikesgoinghiking.5)Hurryup,oryou’llbelate.6)IsawhimwhenIwalkedpastthestreet.7)Heoftengetsupearlybecausehewantstocatchtheearlybus.简单句并列句复合句并列句并列句复合句复合句Idon’twanttosetdownaseriesoffactsinadiaryasmostpeopledo,butIwantthisdiarytobemyfriend,andIshallcallmyfriendKitty.SV____________________________________O_________Ad.()S___________VSVO______________________OCS_________VOOC并列复合句Analyzethesentences:Icanwellrememberthattherewasatimewhenadeepbluesky,thesongofthebirds,moonlightandflowerscouldneverhavekeptmespellbound.SV__________________{}OcSVPAc()_________________________________________________________S____________________VOOCIt’snopleasurelookingthroughtheseanylongerbecausenatureisonethingthatreallymustbeexperienced.SVP_________________________________________SAd.C(状从)SVP____________________At.C(定从)AtfirsttheEnglishspokeninEnglandbetweenaboutAD450and1150wasverydifferentfromtheEnglishspokentoday.S()At.(定语)VP()At.(定语)ThengraduallybetweenaboutAD800and1150EnglishbecamelesslikeGermanbecausethosewhoruledEnglandspokefirstDanishandlaterFrench.SVPAd.CSVO_____________________________()At.C(定从)Homework1.PreviewUnit12.Analyze5sentences