英语句型转换(一).同义句转换知识点讲解(14种类型)一、运用同义词(组)进行转换用同义词或同义词组对原句中的某些词或词组进行替换(又称“词语替代法”),注意转换后的词或词组的词形变化要与句子其他成分相适应。如:1.Thatdaywecouldseeflowershereandthere.Thatdaywecouldseeflowers__________.分析:答案为everywhere。everywhere与hereandthere都表示“到处”。2.Theteacheralwaystakesgoodcareofthechildrenintheschool.Theteacheralways_____________thechildrenwellintheschool.分析:答案为looksafter。takegoodcareof与lookafter…well都表示“好好照顾”。3.Thechildrenarewearingbeautifulclothes.Thechildrenare_________beautifulclothes.4.Everyday,YaoMingreceivesE-mailsfromthousandsofbasketballfans.Everyday,YaoMing_________thousandsofbasketballfans.5.Mr.Smithisworking.Mr.Smithis____________________.答案:1.in2.hearsfrom3.atwork二、运用反义词(组)的否定式进行转换即用反义词或词组的否定式表达与原句相同的意思,主要考查学生对反义词(词组)的积累和换位思维的能力。如:1.It’sclearthatthisvisitisdifferentfromlasttime.It’sclearthatthisvisitisnotthe______lasttime.分析:答案为sameas。bedifferentfrom意为“与……不同”;thesameas意为“与……相同”,其否定式与bedifferentfrom同义。2.Ithinkwealthislessimportantthanhealth.I___thinkwealthis___importantthanhealth.分析:答案为don’t,more。lessimportant的意思是“没有(不及)……重要”;moreimportant的意思是“(比)……更重要”,该结构与not连用,则表示“不比……更重要”。3.ChineseismorepopularthanJapanese.Japaneseis__________popular__________Chinese.4.Therunnercouldn'tcatchupwiththeothersintherace.Therunner___________________theothersintherace.5.AcomputerismoreusefulthanaVCD.AVCDisnot_________useful_________acomputer.答案:4.less,than5.fellbehind6.as,as另外,有的反义词即使不与否定词连用,而只需改变句子结构也可构成同义句。如:Helentsomemoneytohisfriend.Hefriend___somemoney___him.分析:答案为borrowed,from。borrow…from意为“向……借……”;lend…to意为“把……借给……”。两个结构意思相反,但若变换“借出者”与“借入者”的位置,则可转换为同义句。三、运用不同语态进行转换即运用主动语态与被动语态的变化来转换同义词,但此时要特别注意时态、动词一致性。如:1.Everyoneshouldgivebackhislibrarybooksontime.Librarybooksshould____________ontime.分析:答案为begivenback。被动句中含有情态动词should,因此助动词用be。2.Itiswidelyacceptedthatmorepeopleusecomputersintheworldtoday.Computers____widely___intheworldtoday.分析:答案为are,used。computers是复数名词,助动词用are。3.Youmusttidyyourbedroomeveryday.→Yourbedroommustbetidiedeveryday.4.Thefarmgrowscotton.→Cottonisgrownonthefarm.四、非延续性动词与延续性动词的相互转换即非延续性动词与延续性动词进行转换,此时往往会涉及时态的变化。如:1.Themanagerlefttwohoursago.Themanager_____________fortwohours.分析:答案为hasbeenaway。leave为非延续性动词,不能与fortwohours这样的一段时间连用,而改成beaway这样的延续性动词后,则可连用一段时间。2.Thefilmbeganfiveminutesago.Thefilmhasbeen__________fiveminutes.分析:答案为onfor。hasbeen提示时态是现在完成时态,“for+时间段”表示“持续(一段时间)”,常用在含有现在完成时态的句子里。3.MrLijoinedthePartytwentyyearsago.MrLi_______________thePartyfortwentyyears.答案:hasbeenin。短暂动词join,意为“参加、加入(组织,政党)”,不能与延续时间状语连用,与延续性时间状语连用时,将join改成bein或beamemberin…。五、运用不同引语进行转换即将直接引语变为间接引语或将间接引语转换成直接引语。此时还要注意相关时态、人称、动词、状语等相应的变化。如:1.“I’vefoundmywallet,”hesaidtome.He_________methathe__________________hiswallet.分析:答案为told,hadfound。此题是将直接引语转换成间接引语。2.“Didyouseeherlastweek?”hesaid.He______________Ihadseenhertheweek_______.分析:答案为askedif/whether,before。此题是将疑问句的直接引语转换成间接引语。六、运用简单句与复合句之间的转换即将简单句变成同义的复合句或将复合句变成同义的简单句。(1).复合句化为简单句一般侧重于将从句变化为短语或词组,使句意简单明了。①用不定式、介词短语、名词短语、分词性短语等替换复合句中的句子;②将宾语从句简化为“疑问词+不定式”;③将so...that...,或such...that...引导的状语从句简化为含有too...to...,enough...to...简单句;④将if引导的状语从句简化为“祈使句,and(or)+一般将来时”的句子.(2).必须注意的是,简单句变为复合句时,很多情况下是把宾语扩大为宾语从句,从句中使用一般将来时或“情态动词+动词原形”。如:1.Wedidn’tgooutforawalkbecauseitwasraining.Wedidn’tgooutforawalk______________therain.分析:答案为becauseof。将原因状语从句becauseitwasraining改为表示原因的介词短语becauseoftherain。2.Hewassoexcitedthathecouldn’tgotosleep.Hewas_________________gotosleep.分析:答案为tooexcitedto。将so…that…换成too…to…结构,原句的that从句为结果状语从句,改写句中的不定式仍表结果。3.NowIwillshowyouhowtodothework.NowIwillshowyou__________________dothework.分析:答案为howyoucan。即将原句中的“疑问词+不定式”结构转换成宾语从句。4.Youshouldputthembackafteryouusethem.Youshouldputthemback__________them.分析:答案为afterusing。即将after引导的状语从句改写为after引导的介词短语。5.IhopethatIcanseeyouagain.→Ihopetoseeyouagain.6.Pleasetellmewhereweshowourtickets.→Pleasetellmewheretoshowourtickets.7.Ifyoudon'thurryup,you'llmisstheearlybus.→Hurryup,oryouwon'tcatchtheearlybus.七、运用并列句与复合句之间的转换即将并列句变成同义的复合句或将复合句变成同义的并列句。如:1.Comeon,orwe’llmisstheearlybus.____we____hurry,we’llmisstheearlybus.分析:答案为If,don’t。if引导条件状语从句。2.Themangaveusatalklastweek.Nowhewillgiveusanothertalkthisweek.Theman_____gaveusatalklastweek__________usanothertalkthisweek.分析:答案为who/that,willgive。who/thatgaveusatalklastweek为定语从句,修饰先行词theman。八、运用关联连词连接或合并句子即运用关联连词both…and…,neither…nor…,either…or…,notonly…butalso…等将两个简单句合并为一个简单句。此时要注意的是,both…and…连接两个主语时,谓语总是用复数,而neither…nor…,either…or…,notonly…butalso…连接两个主语时,谓语动词通常应与靠近的主语保持一致。如:1.Tomcan’tspeakJapanesewellandJimcan’t,either.______Tom______JimcanspeakJapanesewell.分析:答案填Neither,nor。neither…nor…表示“……和……(两者)都不”,刚好与原句的两个否定结构的意思相吻合。2.AlicehasreadthebookandPeterhasreadit,too.______Alice______Peterhavereadthebook.分析:答案为Both,and。both…and…的意思是“……和……(两者)都”。3.Thisstoresellsmen’sshoes,anditalsosellsmen’sclothes.Thisstoresells____________men’sshoes____________men’sclothes.分析:答案为notonly,butalso。表示“不仅……而且……”之意。4.Hehasn'tbeentoFrance.Shehasn'tbeentoFrance,either.→NeitherhenorshehasbeentoFrance.5.Theroonisn'tverybig.Itcan'tholdalotofpeople.→Thisroomisn'tbigenoughtoholdalotofpeople.6.MrsSmithismyteacher.Sheisalsomygoodfriend.→MrsSmithisn