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ObjectClause宾语从句固镇县仲兴中学JoyLee李永瑛什么是宾语从句？Weknowhim．WeknowhelikesEnglish.主s主s谓v谓v宾o宾o宾语从句就是用一个句子来构成主句的宾语.主s谓v宾o简单句复合句二、宾语从句三要素连接词时态语序（一）连接词1.that2.whether/if3.连接代词whowhomwhosewhatwhich4.连接副词whenwhywherehow.注：that在句中无词汇意义，在从句中不能充当成分，在口语当中往往省略E.g.1.Ihear(that)_______________________.（一小时后他会回来）2.Hesaid(that)______________________.（他非常想念我们）3.Theteachertoldus(that)___________________________.（地球围着太阳转）hewillbebackinanhourhemissedusverymuchtheearthmovesaroundthesun注意：当从句是客观真理的时候，无论主句什么时态，从句一律用一般现在时由从属连词whether,if引导的宾语从句1.Iwanttoknowif/whethersheisright.2.Theydidn’tknowwhetherTomcouldcomebackornot.if/whether引导宾语从句表示“是否”if/whether可互换,但whether…ornot为固定搭配.3.Askhim__________________.（他是否能来）4.Idon’tknow___________________________.（是否要下雨）whether(if)hecancomewhetheritisgoingtorainornot注：that在句中无词汇意义，在从句中不能充当成分，在口语当中往往省略4.Ihear(that)hewillbebackinanhour.5.Hesaid(that)hemissedusverymuch.If与whether的区别1.Idon’tknow_____hewillcomeornot.2.Idon’tcareof______heishandsome.3.Hewondered______tostayherethenextweek.4.____hewillcomeisnotdecided.与ornot连用只能用whether介词后只能用whether与todo不定式连用只能用whether作主语只能用whether由连接代词what,whom,whose,which及连接副词when,where,how,why引导的宾语从句whenwe’llhaveameetingwhereheishowIcangettothestationwhythetrainislatewhocouldanswerthequestion1.Heasked__________________________.(谁能回答这个问题）2.Doyouknow_________________________？（他们在等谁）3.Pleasetellme_______________________.（我们什么时候开会）4.Canyoutellme_______________？（他在哪儿）5.Couldyoutellme______________________？（我该怎么去车站）6.Wouldyoutellme_________________？（为什么火车迟到了）whomtheyarewaitingforDannysaysthathewilllearnEnglish.Doyouknowwherehecamefrom?PleasetellmehowIcangettothebusstation.（二）.宾语从句的语序无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句都是运用陈述句的语序，即是“主语在前，谓语在后”的顺序。当主句是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态不作限制，我们可以根据句子的意思来使用需要的任何一种时态。（三）.宾语从句中时态的变化Ihear(that)Jimwenttoworkanhourago.heisinterestedinEnglish.shewillcometomorrow.TomhasbeentoLondontwice.当主句是一般过去时的时候，宾语从句必须运用相应的过去的某一种时态，从而达到主句和从句的相互一致。HewillgotoHongKong.Heissick.Heisreadingabook.Hehasfinishedhiswork.HesaidHehadfinishedhiswork.HewouldgotoHongKong.Hewassick.Hewasreadingabook.当宾语从句说明的是客观存在的事实或者是客观存在的真理时，就不用受到主句时态的限制，仍是用一般现在时态。thesunismuchbiggerthanthemoon.SummerisafterSpring.theearthmovesaroundthesun.Hetoldme(that)Weknew(that)Theteachertoldus(that)三、宾语从句与简单句的转换（一）当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且主句的谓语动词是hope,wish,decide,agree,choose等时，从句可简化为不定式结构。eg:(1)IhopethatIcanreceiveyoure-mail.→Ihopetoreceiveyoure-mail._______________________.(二）当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且主句的谓语动词是know,remember,forget,learn等时，从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。eg:(2)Shedoesn’tknowwhatsheshoulddonext.→Shedoesn’tknow________________.(三）当主句的谓语动词是ask,tell,show,teach等时，从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。eg:(3)WillyoupleaseshowmehowIcanworkitout?→Willyoupleaseshowme___________________.(四）当直接引语为祈使句，变为间接引语时，用ask/tell/orderSb.(not)todosth结构。eg:(4)A:Pleasebequiet.B:WhatdidBillsay?A:Heaskedustobequiet.whattodonexthowtoworkitout四、否定转移在含有宾语从句的主从复合句中，当主句的主语为第一人称，谓语动词是think，believe,guess,suppose等时，要将从句的否定词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，宾语从句的谓语动词用肯定式。eg:(5)Idon’tthinkhewillcomewithyou.注意：这种句子在其后接附加问句时，要特别小心。eg:(6)Idon’tbelievehehasfinishedthework,________?(7)HeknewwhyJimwasn’tatschool,___________?解析：例6，当主句的主语为第一人称时，附加问句的主语由宾语从句的主语充当。例7，如果主句的主语非第一人称时，则附加问句的主语由主句的主语充当。hashedidn’the1.Didyouunderstand___?A.whatshesaidB.whattosayC.whatdidshesaidD.howshehadsaid2.whocantellus___aboutoverthere?A.whattheytalkB.whataretalkingC.whatdotheytalkD.whattheyaretalking3.Thegirlisthinkingabout___shewillgoabroadtostudyEnglishnextyear.A.ifB.whatC.whetherD.when4.theteachersaidthat___.A.thesunmovesaroundtheearthB.theearthmovedaroundthesunC.themoonisoursatelliteD.themoonwasoursatellite5.Idon’tknowwhenhe__back,Pleasetellhimthenewswhenhe___back.A.come;willcomeB.comes;comesc.willcome;comesD.willcome;willcomeABCCc6.Idon’tknowifhisuncle____.Ithinkhe___ifheisfree.A.willcome;comesB.willcome,willcomeC.comescomesD.comes;willcome7.Thereisnotmuchdifferentbetweenthetwo.Ireallydon’tknow_____.A.whatshouldIchooseB.whichIshouldchooseC.whichshouldIchoseD.whatIchoose8.Nooneknows____.A.whichgatewehavetogoB.whichgatewemustgoC.whichgatedowehavetogotoD.whichgatewehavetogotoBBD9．Doyouknow__________________?A.wheredoessheliveB.sheliveswhereC.whereshelivesD.whereshelive10.Hisparentswantedtoknowwhathe______atthattime.A.isdoingB.wasdoingC.hasdoneD.willdoCB12．Lily’smotherlookedforherforhalfanhour,butcouldnotfind________?A.whatLilywasB.whatwasLilyC.whereLilywasD.wherewasLilyC11.—Wedon’tknow______.--ItissaidthathewasborninCanada.A.whatheisB.whenhewasbornC.wherehecomesfromD.ifheliveshereC13Thegirlsaskedifthey____somefoodanddrinkwiththem.A.tookB.takeC.takesD.willtake14Lindasaidthemoon___roundtheearth.A.travelledB.hastravelledC.travelsD.hadtravelledAC•15.Couldyoupleasetellme________hewillcomeheretomorrow?•A.ifB.weatherC.whatD.which•A16.Couldyoutellme___?A.whenwilltheyleaveBeijingB.whenwouldtheyleaveBeijingC.whentheywillleaveBeijingD.whendidtheyleaveBeijingC宾语从句三要素引导词that+陈述句if／whether+一般疑问句特殊疑问词+特殊疑问句时态主句为一般现在时从句可为任何时态主句为一般过去时从句一般过去时过去将来时过去进行时过去完成时语序宾语从句的语序都为陈述句语序客观真理时态不变Thankyou!