高中英语语法专题复习课件--状语从句(共64张PPT)

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一、状语从句的类型及连词从句类型常见连词补充时间状语从句when,as,while,whenever,after,before,till/until,assoonas,since,once,bythetime,nosooner...than,hardly/scarcely...when,...everytime,themoment,theminute,immediately也可引导时间状语从句从句类型常见连词补充地点状语从句where,wherever,anywhere,everywhere,...原因状语从句because,since,as,for,nowthat,...seeingthat,consideringthat,inthat也可引导原因状语从句从句类型常见连词补充目的状语从句sothat,inorderthat,...谓语动词前常带有情态动词;incase,forfear(that)也可引导目的状语从句结果状语从句sothat,so...that,such...that,...从句类型常见连词补充条件状语从句if,unless,so/aslongas,onlyif,provided,...if不能用whether替换;onconditionthat,suppose/supposing(that)也可引导条件状语从句从句类型常见连词补充让步状语从句although,though,evenif/though,as...由疑问词+ever构成的复合词,“nomatter+疑问词”以及whether...or也可引导让步状语从句。从句类型常用连词补充方式状语从句as,asif/though,...theway,ratherthan也可引导方式状语从句程度状语从句so(that),suchthat,as/sofaras,as/solongas,...tothedegree/extent(that)也可引导程度状语从句比较状语从句than,as二、引导状语从句的单词或短语1.when1)when引导时间状语从句时,从句的动作既可与主句的动作同时发生,也可先后发生。如:WhenthefamilycameherefromRussia,theywerepenniless.Whenthemealwasfinished,Rachelwashedup.2)when可以引导条件状语从句,意为“如果”。如:Howcanweexplainittoyouwhenyouwon'tlisten?2.while1)while引导时间状语从句时,从句的谓语必须是延续性动词(如work,stay,wait,live等)。如:Pleasedon'ttalksoloudlywhileothersareworking.2)while引导让步状语从句时,相当于although/though。while和although引导的让步状语从句不用倒装语序,though引导的让步状语从句可以倒装也可以不倒装。如:While/Although/ThoughIwasn'tcompletelysure,Ithoughthe'dbeendrinking.Strangethoughitmayseem,Ilikehousework.3.until和till1)until和till都表示“直到”,常可互换,但till一般不用于句首,也不用于强调句中。2)until/till从句与肯定的主句连用时,主句的谓语必须是延续性动词,表示主句的动作一直持续到until/till所表示的时间为止。如:You'lljusthavetowaituntiltheycallyourname.Neilremainedtheretillhisbrotherarrived.3)until/till从句与否定的主句连用时,主句的谓语是非延续性动词,表示“直到……才”,即主句的动作到until/till所表示的时间才开始。如:Leodidn'tcomeuntilJameshadgoneoverhislesson.Oncehestartsadecoratingjobhewon'tstopuntilit'sfinished.4)notuntil引导的从句位于句首时,主句须部分倒装。如:NotuntilIbegantoworkdidIrealisehowmuchtimeIhadwasted.5)notuntil结构可用于强调句中。如:Itwasnotuntilshecametoseeusthatweknewhermotherwasillinbed.4.as1)as引导时间状语从句时,表示“当……时,随着”。如:Justasthetwomenwereleaving,amessagearrived.2)as引导原因状语从句时,一般放在句首,表示十分明显的原因。如:Asitisraining,weshallnotgocamping.3)as引导让步状语从句时,通常用倒装结构。具体情况如下:a.“形容词+as+主语+系动词”或“副词+as+主语+实义动词”。如:Poorashewas,hewashonest.MuchasIlikeit,Iwon'tbuyit.b.名词+as+主语+系动词(句首的名词前多不带冠词)。如:Childasheis,heknowsalot.c.实义动词+as+主语+助动词(如果没有助动词,则要加上do,does或did)。如:Tryasshewould,Suecouldn'tgetthedooropen.4)as引导方式状语从句时,意为“如,像,按照”。如:Hedidnotneedtokeepmovinghouse,ashisfatherhad.5)as引导比较状语从句时,常用于as...as...和notso/as...as...结构中。如:Theywantpeaceasmuchaswedo.Ican'trunasfastasIusedto.5.nosooner...than和hardly...whennosooner...than和hardly...when意为“一……就……,刚……就……”。主句一般用过去完成时,从句用一般过去时。nosooner,hardly位于句首时,主句的主谓语要部分倒装。如:Thewordshadnosoonerbeenspokenthanherealisedthatheshouldhaveremainedsilent.Ihadhardlygothomewhenitbegantorain.Nosoonerhadwegottothestationthanthetrainleft.Hardlyhadwebegunwhenweweretoldtostop.6.so...that和such...that二者均意为“如此……以致于”,so后面接形容词或副词,such后面接名词。名词前有many,much,few,little这些词修饰时,要用so。“such+a(n)+adj.+单数可数名词+that”可转换成“so+adj.+a(n)+单数可数名词+that”。如:TherearesomanygoodbooksinthatbookstorethatIcanhardlyknowwhattobuy.Itissuchabigjob/sobigajobthatwe'llhavetobeverycareful.7.“疑问词+ever”构成的复合词与“nomatter+疑问词”“疑问词+ever”构成的复合词可以引导让步状语从句,在口语中可用“nomatter+疑问词”代替。如:We'redeterminedtohaveawonderfulholiday,howevermuch/nomatterhowmuchitcosts.Whatever/Nomatterwhatyoudo,don'tpressthatbutton!在含状语从句的复合句中,主、从句通常根据实际时间关系来确定动词的时态,但有一点需要注意:在时间状语从句、条件状语从句或由“疑问词-ever”、“nomatter+疑问词”等引导的让步状语从句中,可以用一般现在时表将来。下面就状语从句考点进行归纳总结。一、时间状语从句【考例】Itwasthemiddleofthenight_____myfatherwokemeupandtoldmetowatchthefootballgame.(江西2014)A.thatB.asC.whichD.whenD二、地点状语从句where在地点状语从句中,除了指地点外,还可指处境等。由where引导的地点状语从句与定语从句的区别:where引导定语从句时,从句前应有一个表示(抽象)地点或处所的名词作先行词,而状语从句前没有先行词。1.______heoncefeltlikegivingup,henowhasthedeterminationtopushfurtherandkeepongoing.(2015·安徽)A.WhereB.AsC.IncaseD.Nowthat句意:在他曾经想要放弃的地方,他现在下定决心去争取进步继续前行。A.那里;B.尽管,当,因为,随着;C.以防;D.既然。where表示地点,引导地点状语从句;as引导让步状语从句常用倒装,即triedashehas;incase表目的;nowthat表原因。这里指让他感到想放弃的地方,故选A。A2.Halfanhourlater,Lucystillcouldn’tgetataxi_____thebushaddroppedher.(2014重庆)A.untilB.whenC.althoughD.whereD三、原因状语从句引导原因状语从句的常用连词有because,since,as,now(that)等。它们的用法区别是:because语气最强,述说直接原因,说明因果关系,常回答以why开头的问句;since,as和now(that)引导的从句用法相似,表示双方都知道的原因。四、让步状语从句【考例】_____theforestparkisfaraway,alotoftouristsvisititeveryyear.(北京2014)A.AsB.WhenC.EventhoughD.IncaseC五、目的状语从句【考例】Cathyhadquitherjobwhenhersonwasborn_____shecouldstayhomeandraiseherfamily.(浙江2014)A.nowthatB.asifC.onlyifD.sothatD六、结果状语从句so...that和such...that表示“如此……以致于”,so后面接形容词或副词,such后面接名词。但名词前有many,much,few,little这些词修饰时,要用so。“such+a(n)+adj.+单数名词+that”可转换成“so+adj.+a(n)+单数名词+that”。七、条件状语从句【考例】Youwillnevergainsuccess_____youarefullydevotedtoyourwork.(湖南2014)A.whenB.becauseC.afterD.unlessD八、方式状语从句引导方式状语从句的常用连词有as,asif/though。asif/though引导的状语从句的谓语动词常用虚拟语气,表示与事实相反的假设。如果从句所表达的内容被看作是事实或者有可能是事实时,就要用陈述语气。九、比较状语从句含as...as...的比较状语从句用在同级比较中,若表否定用notso/as...as...。其中第一个so/as是副词,修饰主句的形容词或副词的原形,后一个as是连词,引导比较状语从句。I.选用括号内合适的内容填空。1.Ireallyenjoylisteningtomusic________(because,unless)ithelpsmerelaxandtakesmymindawayfromothercaresoftheday.(北京2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