中考英语首字母填空解题技巧及练习

1中考英语首字母填空解题技巧及练习Step1：掌握七种句子成分与十种词性之间的对应关系。通过对单一成分的分类练习，掌握该句子成分与何种词性相对应。词性正确是答案正确的前提。(1)对主语的判断1._______arehelpfultostudents.(teach)2._______ismoreimportanttomethanmoney.(healthy)3.Somefamous_______aregoingtogivelecturesinouruniversityinAugust.(science)4._______ismyfavoritesport.(fish)5._______stampsismyhobby.(collect)Key:1.Teachers2.Health3.scientists4.Fishing5.Collecting分析：以上练习中，所填的词均为句子的主语。主语是动作的发出者，词性主要为名词与代词（1-３）；动词不能直接用作主语，必须转化成其对应的名词或动名词（４-５）。此外，形容词前加the以及带连词的句子也可作主语。例如：Thericharenotalwayshappy.句中therich指“有钱人”，因此可以作主语。WhatIwantedwasjustyourhelp.句中WhatIwanted是一个带有连词what的句子，因此也可以作主语。(2)对谓语的判断Johnwasstandingonthestepofahouse.Anoldwomanc________overtohim.“Myboy,”shea_____,“Isyourfatherathome?”“Yes,”a_______John.Thewomanb________ringingthebell.Sherangandrang,buttherewasnoanswer.Atlastshet_____backtoJohnands______angrily,“Didn’tyous______thatyourfatherwasathome?”“Idid”,answeredJohn,“butthisi_______myhouse.”Key:cameaskedansweredbeganturnedsaidsayisn’t分析：语篇中的所缺词均为谓语动词。谓语是句子所表示的动作，词性只能是动词，而且在句子中不能缺。当一个主谓结构中同时出现两个或两个以上动词时，还要判断他们之间的相互关系，对谓语动词或非谓语动词的判断只有在熟练掌握相关知识的基础上，才能作出正确的判断。平时练习和周练中，我经常让学生做些“用动词的适当形式填空”练习，有助于对动词形式的判断。(3)对宾语的判断1.Mr.Chenwassurprisedtoseethefast________inShanghaiafterhislongabsencefromthecity.(develop)2.Thefrontisingreatneedofmedical_____.(work)3.Thankyouforyour_______.(kind)4.Atlasthesoldhis______.(invent)Key:1.development2.workers3.kindness4.invention（s）分析：宾语是动作的承受者，分动词宾语与介词宾语两种。宾语的词性同和主语的词性一样，单是如果代词作宾语时就必须用其宾格。(4)对表语的判断1.Itis______foranordinaryplanetoflytothemoon.(possible)2.Thesickmanisgetting______.(ill)3.Patrickisgoingtobea(n)______whenhegrowsup.(engine)4.Suchcoldweatherisquite_____inJuneandpeoplehavetowearwarmclothesagain.（usually）5.It’sa______tohaveapicnicwithallthemembers.（please）Key:1.impossible2.worse3.engineer4.unusual5.pleasure分析：表语是连系动词后接的成分。词性主要为形容词，名词,介词短语。如果是动词的适当形式作表语，动词必须改成todo,doing或done的形式。2(5)对定语的判断1.The_______examsusuallytakeplaceattheendofJune.(finally)2.Ona_____night,youcanseethousandsofstarsinthesky.(clearly)3.In______weather,theoldhadbetterstayathome.(freeze)4.TheFrenchartistsaid,“Itismy_____timetovisitShanghai.Ilovethiscitysomuch.(one)5.Mostpeopledon’tlike________food.(freeze)6.Whoisyour________teacher?(chemical)Key:(1)final(2)clear(3)freezing(4)first(5)frozen(6)chemistry分析:定语是修饰名词与代词的成分。词性以形容词，序数词，介词短语为主。名词修饰名词说明后面名称的性能或用途。如：stampshow/physicsteacher。如果是动词的适当形式作定语，动词必须改成todo,doing或done的形式。(6)对状语的判断1.TheoldladycouldhardlybelievethatshehadgotthetravelpasstoHongKongso______(easy)2.Watch______,andyouwillfindthedifferencebetweenthetwopictures.(care)3.Afterflyinginthestormfornearlyonehour,thehelicopterlanded______atlast.(safe)Key:(1)easily(2)carefully(3)safely分析：状语是说明动作发生的时间，地点，原因，方式，目的，结果，条件和伴随情况的成分。词性以副词为主，也可以是介词短语。如果是动词的适当形式作状语，动词必须改成todo,doing或done的形式。(7)对连词的判断1.Workharder,__________you’llmakegreatprogressinEnglish.2.Myjobistoprotecttheinnocent__________findtheguilty.3.__________you__________hecangotothecinema,butyoucannotgotogetherbecauseIhaveonlyoneticket.4.Canyoutellme_________youarefrom?5.I’llgiveyouacall__________IgettoJapan.Key:(1)and(2)aswellas(3)Either…or(4)where(5)assoonas分析：在英语中,并列连词and,but,or,so,notonly…butalso,either…or,neither…nor,aswellas,both…and等连接并列的词,词组和句子;而从属连词则连接主句与从句。Step2：在牢记了七种句子成分与十种词性的对应关系之后，多做综合的“用所给单词的正确形式填空”，有利于提高对句子成分的判断能力。熟练掌握词性转化的技巧是通向首字母填空的第二步。Step3：锻炼自己的发散和归纳思维的能力，或称为“猜谜”的能力。Exercise:Guessthemissingword.1.________arehelpfultostudents.2.________arehelpfultostudents.Theygivethemknowledge.3.________arehelpfultostudents.Inclasstheyteachthemknowledgeandafterclasstheycareforthemlikeparents.4.________arehelpfultostudents.Theykeepthemhealthy.分析：按顺序做你会不假思索地得出答案，1---4均为Teachers，全部解完后再思考，似乎第一题答案不仅仅只有Teachers。按判断主语的结论，凡名词，只要合乎逻辑，都可作为第一题的答案，你会发现Books也可，继而得出结论：“一切有益于学生的复数名词均为正确答案，如：Exercises、Doctors、Police、Parents…”。第二题受后一句knowledge的限制，答案要少一些，如：Teachers、Books，第三题限制更多，从“carefor”判断主语只能是人，即:Teachers。第四题受healthy的限制，最好填Doctors/Nurses。Step4：对词性、词义、词形的精确判断阶段，即综合运用阶段。3Mr.Wuisgettingold.Heisl_______theschoolsoon.Thes_______inhisclasshavegivenh______alotofp_______.Amongt______arecards,note-books,photosandbooks.Mostofthecardsarem______bythestudentsthemselves.Photoswillh_____Mr.Wurememberthehappyt_________whenhewaswithhisstudents.Nextweek,t________willhaveap_______tos______goodbyetohim.分析：通读短文以后发现Mr.Wu是一位老师。从old可推断他不久要退休了,所以“l____”应为谓语动词leaving;“s____”是第三句的主语,结合have判断为students;“h______”是give的宾语,判断为him;“p_____”的内容是cards,note-books…,所以判断为名词presents;“t_____”是介词among的宾语,应为them;“m____”处于bedoneby的结构中,应为过去分词made;“h_____”位于情态动词will之后,应为动词原形help;“t_____”是remember的宾语,并且受到happy的修饰应为time；“t_____”是主语,名词或代词teachers/they;“p____”是have的宾语,前面有冠词,所以是名词party；“s_____”前有to,分析成分为目的状语todo即tosay。Step5：熟能生巧阶段。要做到举重若轻，必须在前四步的基础上作长期系统的训练，把上述知识演化为解题技能。例如：【2011上海】Readthepassageandfillintheblankswithsuitablewords.(在短文的空格内填入适当的次,使其内容通顺.每空格限填一词,首字母已给)Atonetime,makingafilmwasanexpensiveactivityonlyforasmallgroupofpeopleandfilmcompanies.Notonlywerethetoolsandmachinesexpensivebutthecostoffilmwasalsofargreaterthanmostpeoplecouldafford.However,modemtechnologyhasc92allthat.Newtechnologyhasreallyopened