20118118JTropMed,Aug.2011,Vol.11,No.8··、,(extracellularmatrix,ECM),。、。,、、、、,。ECM,。,、、、,、,ECM。,。,-β(transforminggrowthfactor-β,TGF-β)、(connectivetissuegrowthfactor,CTGF)。,[1]。,RNA(microRNA,miRNA),miRNA、、[2]。miRNA。miRNA,miRNA,,。1miRNARNA,RNA,。miRNA,、、。miRNA:①miRNARNA,21~25bp,5',3',pri-miRNA;②,RNA,(openreadingframe,ORF)[3];③miRNA、,[4];④miRNA,,[5];⑤miRNA2RNase(DroshaDicer),miRNA:miRNA*,miRNAmiRNA*,,miRNA:miRNA*miRNA[2];⑥miRNARNA(RNAinducedsilencingcomplex,RISC),miRNA,mRNA,;miRNA3’-(3’-untranslatedregions,3’-UTR),,,miRNA[2,6];⑦miRNA,,miRNA;miRNA,miRNA[7];miRNAmiRANs,。2miRNA2.1miRNA,、、RNA,(,510120):RNA(miRNA)21~25RNA,。,miRNA、、、、。miRNA。:RNA;;:R593:A:1672-3619(2011)08-0992-04:(8151008901000193):(1984-),,:,,,E-mail:chenmc@tom.com992··20118118JTropMed,Aug.2011,Vol.11,No.8,。miRNA。3Dicer(miRNA),31,;、、。miRNA,miRNA[8]。、。vanRooij[9],realtimePCRmiR-29。miR-29[10],,mRNAECMmRNA,、、。miR-29。,TGF-β1,miR-29。TGF-β,TGF-βmiR-29[9]。miR-21miRNA。miR-21,。Thum[11]miR-21。。,-(extracellularsignalregulatedkinase-mitogenactivatedproteinkinase,ERK-MAPK)1(sproutyhomolog1,Spry1)。,miR-21Spry1mRNA,ERK-MAPK,,,ECM。,miR-21,;,miR-21,miR-212(matrixmetalloprotease-2,MMP-2),ECM,[12]。CTGF。Duisters[13]miR-30miR-133CTGF,。miRCTGF3’-UTR,CTGF。miR-30miR-133ECM。miR-1333:miR-133a-1、miR-133a-2、miR-133b,miR-133a,。miR-133a,[14]。,miR-133,[15]。,miR-133a、,。,miR-133miR-590,TGF-β1(transforminggrowthfactor-βreceptor,TGF-βR),。miR-133miR-590,TGF-β1、TGF-βR,[16]。2.2,ECM,。,。,,。miRNA。Pottier[17],-α(tumornecrosisfactor-α,TNF-α)-1β(interleukin-1β,IL-1β)miR-155,TGF-βmiR-155。miR-155。,miR-155(keratinocytegrowthfactor,KGF)3’-UTR,KGF/FGF-7。miR-155。miR-155-3(caspase-3),。,miR-21,。miR-21,5~7d。α-(α-smoothmuscleactin,α-SMA,)。,miR-21。,TGF-β1miR-21,miR-21TGF-β1、,TGF-β993··20118118JTropMed,Aug.2011,Vol.11,No.8。,miR-21Smad7,Smad7[18]。let-7d,TGF-β。let-7dαSMA(ACTA2),let-7d、[19]。2.3,,、。(hepaticstellatecell,HSCs)。,HSCs,,α-SMA、,。HSCsmiRNA。Guo[20]HSCs,21miRNA,12,9。,miR-15bmiR-16(Bcl-2),3、89,HSCs[21]。miR-27amiR-27bHSCs。HSCs,miR-27amiR-27b[22]。miRNAHSCs。miRNAHSCs。,,miR-29。miR-29。miR-29a[23]。miRNA,miRNA。,miR-21Samd7,[24]。miR-122miRNA,、、[25]。2.4,,。、,,。,。,miR-192,TGF-βmiR-192。,miR-192E-box,E-boxI-αmRNA,miR-192,E-box,I[26]。Chung[27]Smad7miR-192,Smad。,Smad3TGF-βmiR-192,miR-192TGF-β1。、,miR-192[28]。miR-192,、,miRNA。miR-21。,miR-2124h[29]。,miR-21。,miR-216a、miR-217[30]miR-377[31]。2.5ECM,、。、、,、,ECM。、ECM。miRNA,(systemicscleroderma,SSc)。3SSc3miRNA,24miRNA,9,15。,miRNA,6miRNASSc,miR-23b、let-7g、miR-125b、miR-133a、miR-206、miR-140。miRNA、[32]。,miR-29aSSc。,miR-29a-B(platelet-derivedgrowthfactor-B,PDGF-B)TGF-β[33]。3,miRNA。miR-29、miR-21,,,,miR-21;ECM、,miR-29。994··20118118JTropMed,Aug.2011,Vol.11,No.8[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33]miRNA、miRNA,。miR-29,TGF-βECM,[9]、[23]、[33]。miRNAmRNA,miRNA,。WynnTA.Cellularandmolecularmechanismsoffibrosis[J].JPathol,2008,214(2):199-210.FabianMR,SonenbergN,FilipowiczW.RegulationofmRNAtranslationandstabilitybymicroRNAs[J].AnnuRevBiochem,2010,79(1):351-379.CarterRJ,DubchakI,HolbrookSR.AcomputationalapproachtoidentifygenesforfunctionalRNAsingenomicsequences[J].NucleicAcidsRes,2001,29(19):3928-3938.WassarmanKM,RepoilaF,RosenowC,etal.IdentificationofnovelsmallRNAsusingcomparativegenomicsandmicroarrays[J].GenesDev,2001,15(13):1637-1651.,,.MicroRNA[J].,2005,16(6):674-677.,.microRNA[J].(C:),2009,39(1):109-113.BartelDP.MicroRNAs:targetrecognitionandregulatoryfunctions[J].Cell,2009,136(2):215-233.daCostaMartinsPA,BourajjajM,GladkaM,etal.Conditionaldicergenedeletioninthepostnatalmyocardiumprovokesspontaneouscardiacremodeling[J].Circulation,2008,118(15):1567-1576.vanRooijE,SutherlandLB,ThatcherJE,etal.DysregulationofmicroRNAsaftermyocardialinfarctionrevealsaroleofmiR-29incardiacfibrosis[J].ProcNatlAcadSciUSA,2008,105(35):13027-13032.HuangZP,NepplRL,WangDZ.MicroRNAsincardiacremodelinganddisease[J].JCardiovascTranslRes,2010,3(3):212-218.ThumT,GrossC,FiedlerJ,etal.MicroRNA-21contributestomyocardialdiseasebystimulatingMAPkinasesignallinginfibroblasts[J].Nature,2008,456(7224):980-984.RoyS,KhannaS,HussainSR,etal.MicroRNAexpressioninresponsetomurinemyocardialinfarction:miR-21regulatesfibroblastmetalloprotease-2viaphosphataseandtensinhomologue[J].CardiovascRes,2009,82(1):21-29.DuistersRF,TijsenAJ,SchroenB,etal.miR-133andmiR-30regulateconnectivetissuegrowthfactor:implicationsforaroleofmicroRNAsinmyocardialmatrixremodeling[J].CircRes,2009,104(2):170-178.LiuN,BezprozvannayaS,WilliamsAH,etal.microRNA-133aregulatescardiomyocyteproliferationandsuppressessmoothmusclegeneexpressionintheheart[J].GenesDev,2008,22(23):3242-3254.MatkovichSJ,WangW,TuY,etal.MicroRNA-133aprotectsagainstmyocardialfibrosisandmodulateselectricalrepolarizationwithoutaffectinghypertrophyinpressure-overloadedadulthearts[J].CircRes,2010,106(1):166-175.ShanH,ZhangY,LuY,etal.DownregulationofmiR-133andmiR-590contributestonicotine-inducedatrialremodellingincanines[J].CardiovascRes,2009,83(3):465-472.PottierN,MaurinT,ChevalierB,etal.Identificationofkeratinocytegrowthfa