名词性从句 主语,表语,宾语和同位语从句 经典课件

NounClause名词性从句1、本讲内容：学习名词性从句。2、学习要求：（1）掌握名词性从句的种类。（2）引导名词性从句的连接词。（3）初步学会运用名词性从句。名词性从句3、学习指导：（1）本讲重点：名词性从句的种类。（2）本讲难点：名词性从句的语序。4、典型例题解析：名词性从句包括主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。它的功能相当于名词，引导名词性从句的引导词归纳起来可分为以下三类。功能例词从属连词只起连接作用，不充当从句中的任何作用。that,whether,if，asif（只用于表词从句）功能例词连接代词既起连接作用，本身又做从句的主语、宾语、表语或定语。Who,whom,whose,what,which功能例词连接副词既起连接作用，本身又做从句的状语。when,where,why,how用how组成的词组，如：howmany,howmuch在英语的句子结构中，本来该由名词充当的主语、宾语、表语和同位语，由一个句子来充当,这个句子就叫名词性从句。什么是名词性从句?名词性从句主语从句(TheSubjectClause)宾语从句(TheObjectClause)表语从句(ThePredicativeClause)同位语从句(TheAppositiveClause)主语从句复合句与简单句：复合句=简单句+从属连词+简单句thepeople.surprisedThatWhathesaidwhathedid主语Thathedidn’tknowtheanswer主语从句（NounClausesastheSubject）定义：用作主语的从句叫主语从句，它是名词性从句之一。引导主语从句的连接词有：连词that,whether；连接代词who,what和which；连接副词when,where,how和why。ks5u精品课件1)由what等代词引起的主语从句：Whattheteachersaidtodaywasquiteright.老师今天说的话是十分正确的。用法：ks5u精品课件2)由连词that引起的主语从句：Thattheyarebadlyinneedofhelpisquiteclear.他们急需帮助，这是十分明显的。但是这类句子在大多数情况下会放到整个句子的后部去，而用代词it作形式主语。ks5u精品课件3)由连接代词或连接副词以及whether引起的主语从句。Whethertheywillsellthehouseisnotyetdecided.他们是否卖掉这所房子还没有决定。ks5u精品课件4)whatever,whoever也可引导主语从句。Whateverwassaidheremustbekeptsecret.这里说的话都应当保密。Whoevermakesmistakesmustcorrectthem.凡犯了错误的人都必须改正。ks5u精品课件注意:上述例句中的主语从句都是放在句首,但有时为了使句子结构平衡,避免“头重脚轻”,常用it作形式主语,而把从句放在后面。例如:Itisapitythatshehasmadesuchamistake.她犯了这样一个错误,真是遗憾。ks5u精品课件这样就构成了下面一些常用句型:1)Itis+adj./n.+从句Itisapity/shamethat...遗憾的是……Itispossiblethat...很可能……Itisunlikelythat...不可能……2)It+不及物动词+从句Itseems/appearsthat...似乎……Ithappenedthat...碰巧……ks5u精品课件3)It+be+过去分词+从句Itissaidthat...据说……Itisknowntoallthat...众所周知……Itisreportedthat...据报道……Itisbelievedthat...据信……;人们相信……Itissuggestedthat...有人建议……ks5u精品课件Itmustbepointedoutthat...必须指出……Ithasbeenprovedthat...已证明…….如:Itisbelievedthatatleastascoreofbuildingsweredamagedordestroyed.据信,至少有二十座楼房遭到破坏或彻底毁掉。ks5u精品课件5).用于Itisimportant/natural/necessary/impossiblethat...句型中,主语从句应使用虚拟语气,谓语动词用\“should+动词原形\”的形式,should有时有感情色彩。ks5u精品课件Tips1Alwaysputthesubjectbeforetheverb.2That,whether,who,what,which,when,where,how,why…34PutanITatthebeginningInsteadofthelongclause.NeveruseIFinsteadofWHETHERhere.ks5u精品课件practice2._______theycansolvethequestionisstillunknown.A.IfB.WhichC.WhetherD.What3._____hesaidatthemeetingastonishedeverybody.A.WhyB.WhatC.ThatD.Who4.____isafactthatEnglishisacceptedasaninternationallanguage.A.ThereB.ThisC.ThatD.It1._____weneedmorepracticeisquiteobvious.A.WhatB.ThatC.WhenD./1._____youdon’tlikehimisnoneofmybusiness.2._____hesaidatthemeetingastonishedeverybodypresent3.________the2008OlympicGameswillbeheldinBeijingisknown.4.________we’llgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.5.________leavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights.ThatWhatThatWhetherWhoeverks5u精品课件表语从句复合句与简单句：复合句=简单句+从属连词+简单句Thatisthefact.表语whatheneeds.whathegaveme.whyhewaslate.becausehewasill.whathashappened.表语从句：定义：一个从句在复合句中作主句的表语，这个从句就叫作表语从句。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be,look,remain,seem等。ks5u精品课件(1)ThiswaswhatTomwasreading.(2)ThetruthisthatIhaveneverbeenthere.(3)Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.(4)Thereasonwhyhewaslatewasthathegotuplate.(5)Thisishowweovercamethedifficulties.(6)Thatiswhyshewasabsentyesterday.(7)ThehouseiswhereLuXunoncelived.表词从句：1.that引导的表语从句that仅起连接作用，无意义，在句中不作任何成分，通常不可省略。这种从句往往是对主句主语的内容起进一步解释的作用。e.g.Thechanceisthatonesmokerinfourwilldiefromsmoking.ks5u精品课件2.whether引导的表语从句连接词whether起连接作用，意为“是否、究竟、到底”（注意：if不能引导表语从句)在句中也不作何成分。e.g.Thequestioniswhetherwhatmanwillturnupintime.3.where,when,why,how引导的表语从句连接副词where,when,why,how除在句中起连接作用外，在从句中还充当时间、地点、方式、原因状语，本身具有词义。e.g.That’swhereIcan’tagreewithyou.ThisiswhySarawaslateforthemeeting.Thisishowtheyovercomethedifficulties.MystrongestmemoryiswhenIattendedanAmericanwedding.ks5u精品课件特殊用法:1.because引导的表语从句.的结构.2.asif/asthough引导的表语从句常在连系动词look,seem,sound,be,become后面.Myangerisbecauseyouhavn’tfinishyourhomework.ItseemedasifthebrotherswereplayingajokeonHenrry.宾语从句复合句与简单句：复合句=简单句+从属连词+简单句Hetoldmethenews.thatthematchhadbeencancelled.宾语howmuchhewaspreparedtopayformycar.thatIcouldhavethemoneywithoutdelay.howmuchhewaspreparedtopayformycarandthatIcouldhavethemoneywithoutdelay.whenhewasleavingforParis.thathisfatherwasworkinginthatschool.宾语从句3、宾语从句1、用作及物动词的宾语(1)Theypretendedthattheywerereadingintheroom.(2)Ididn’tknowwhattheyweretalkingabout.(3)Doyouknowwhywinteriscolderthansummer?(4)Hecouldn’ttellwherehishomewas.(5)Johnmadetheboysitstill,promisingthatnothingwouldhurthim.用作及物动词的宾语引导宾语从句的连词that常可省去，特别在口语中是这样。whether和if引导的宾语从句：whether和if引导宾语从句时可以互换使用，但下列情况用whether不用if。注意：（1）在whetherornot结构中不可用if代替whetherIdon’tknowwhetherornothe’llcome.Iwonderwhetheritistrueornot.（2）介词后面的宾语从句用whether，不用if.Everythingdependsonwhetherthesituationwillimprove.（后面要讲到介词后面的宾语从句）(3)whether可用在不定式前，if则不能.Pleasetellmewhethertogoornot.2、用作介词的宾语从句：Iwaspleasedbywhathetoldme.Healwayspaysattentiontowhatevertheteachersays.Hetoldofhowhehelpedtheoldwomantofindhermissingson.用作介词的宾语从句：注意：介词的宾语从句一般不用which和if来引导，而要分别用what和whether来引导。如：Areyousorryforwhatyou’vedone?Everythingdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughexperience.不可用ifwhich不可以这类形容词常见的有sure,certain,glad,pleased,happy,afraid,surprised,satisfied等。(1)Iamsureyoulooke