The Not So Short Introduction to LATEX 2 Or LATEX

TheNotSoShortIntroductiontoLATEX2εOrLATEX2εin90minutesbyTobiasOetikerHubertPartl,IreneHynaandElisabethSchleglVersion3.16,25September,2000iiCopyrightc2000TobiasOetikerandalltheContributerstoLShort.Allrightsreserved.Thisdocumentisfree;youcanredistributeitand/ormodifyitunderthetermsoftheGNUGeneralPublicLicenseaspublishedbytheFreeSoftwareFoundation;eitherversion2oftheLicense,or(atyouroption)anylaterversion.Thisdocumentisdistributedinthehopethatitwillbeuseful,butWITHOUTANYWARRANTY;withouteventheimpliedwarrantyofMERCHANTABILITYorFITNESSFORAPARTICULARPURPOSE.SeetheGNUGeneralPublicLicenseformoredetails.YoushouldhavereceivedacopyoftheGNUGeneralPublicLicensealongwiththisdocument;ifnot,writetotheFreeSoftwareFoundation,Inc.,675MassAve,Cambridge,MA02139,USA.Thankyou!MuchofthematerialusedinthisintroductioncomesfromanAustrianintroductiontoLATEX2.09writteninGermanby:[e-mail]nstderUniversit¨atf¨[e-mail]¨urWissenschaftundForschungWienElisabethSchleglnoemailinGrazIfyouareinterestedintheGermandocument,youcanfindaversionup-datedforLATEX2εbyJ¨orgKnappenatCTAN:/tex-archive/info/lshort/germanWhilepreparingthisdocument,Iaskedforreviewersoncomp.text.tex.Igotalotofresponse.Thefollowingindividualshelpedwithcorrections,suggestionsandmaterialtoimprovethispaper.Theyputinabigefforttohelpmegetthisdocumentintoitspresentshape.Iwouldliketosincerelythankallofthem.Naturally,allthemistakesyou’llfindinthisbookaremine.Ifyoueverfindawordwhichisspelledcorrectly,itmusthavebeenoneofthepeoplebelowdroppingmealine.RosemaryBailey,FriedemannBrauer,DavidCarlisle,MikeChapman,ChristopherChin,ChrisMcCormack,WimvanDam,JanDittberner,MichaelJohnDownes,DavidDureisseix,Elliot,DavidFrey,RobinFairbairns,ErikFrisk,Frank,AlexandreGuimond,CyrilGoutte,GregGamble,NeilHammond,RasmusBorupHansen,MarkusBr¨uhwiler,Bj¨ornHvittfeldt,MartienHulsen,WernerIcking,Jakob,EricJacoboni,AlanJeffrey,ByronJones,DavidJones,Johannes-MariaKaltenbach,AndrzejKawalec,AlainKessi,ChristianKern,J¨orgKnappen,KjetilKjernsmo,MaikLehradt,AlexanderMai,MartinMaechler,ClausMalten,KevinVanMaren,LenimarNunesdeAndrade,HubertPartl,JohnRefling,MikeRessler,BrianRipley,YoungU.Ryu,BerndRosenlecher,ChrisRowley,HanspeterSchmid,CraigSchlenter,ChristopherSawtell,JosefTkadlec,DidierVerna,FabianWernli,Carl-GustavWerner,ChrisYork,FritzZaucker,RickZaccone,andMikhailZotov.PrefaceLATEX[1]isatypesettingsystemwhichisverysuitableforproducingscien-tificandmathematicaldocumentsofhightypographicalquality.Thesystemisalsosuitableforproducingallsortsofotherdocuments,fromsimpleletterstocompletebooks.LATEXusesTEX[2]asitsformattingengine.ThisshortintroductiondescribesLATEX2εandshouldbesufficientformostapplicationsofLATEX.Referto[1,3]foracompletedescriptionoftheLATEXsystem.LATEXisavailableformostcomputers,fromthePCandMactolargeUNIXandVMSsystems.Onmanyuniversitycomputerclusters,youwillfindthataLATEXinstallationisavailable,readytouse.InformationonhowtoaccessthelocalLATEXinstallationshouldbeprovidedintheLocalGuide[4].Ifyouhaveproblemsgettingstarted,askthepersonwhogaveyouthisbooklet.ThescopeofthisdocumentisnottotellyouhowtoinstallandsetupaLATEXsystem,buttoteachyouhowtowriteyourdocumentssothattheycanbeprocessedbyLATEX.ThisIntroductionissplitinto5chapters:Chapter1tellsyouaboutthebasicstructureofLATEX2εdocuments.YouwillalsolearnabitaboutthehistoryofLATEX.Afterreadingthischapter,youshouldhavearoughpictureofLATEX.Thepicturewillonlybeaframework,butitwillenableyoutointegratetheinformationprovidedintheotherchaptersintothebigpicture.Chapter2goesintothedetailsoftypesettingyourdocuments.ItexplainsmostoftheessentialLATEXcommandsandenvironments.Afterread-ingthischapter,youwillbeabletowriteyourfirstdocuments.Chapter3explainshowtotypesetformulaewithLATEX.Again,alotofexampleshelpyoutounderstandhowtouseoneofLATEX’smainstrengths.Attheendofthischapter,youwillfindtables,listingallthemathematicalsymbolsavailableinLATEX.Chapter4explainsindexandbibliographygeneration,inclusionofEPSgraphics,andsomeotherusefulextensions.viPrefaceChapter5containssomepotentiallydangerousinformationabouthowtomakealterationstothestandarddocumentlayoutproducedbyLATEX.ItwilltellyouhowtochangethingssuchthatthebeautifuloutputofLATEXbeginslookingquitebad.Itisimportanttoreadthechaptersinsequentialorder.Thebookisnotthatbigafterall.Makesuretocarefullyreadtheexamples,becauseagreatpartoftheinformationiscontainedinthevariousexamplesyouwillfindallthroughoutthebook.IfyouneedtogetholdofanyLATEXrelatedmaterial,havealookinoneoftheComprehensiveTEXArchiveNetwork(CTAN)ftparchives.Theycanbefounde.g.atctan.tug.org(US),ftp.dante.de(Germany),ftp.tex.ac.uk(UK).Ifyouarenotinoneofthesecountries,choosethearchiveclosesttoyou.IfyouwanttorunLATEXonyourowncomputer,takealookatwhatisavailablefromCTAN:/tex-archive/systems.Ifyouhaveideasforsomethingtobeadded,removedoralteredinthisdocument,pleaseletmeknow.IamespeciallyinterestedinfeedbackfromLATEXnovicesaboutwhichbitsofthisintroareeasytounderstandandwhichcouldbeexplainedbette