英语句子成分分析及五种基本句型

句子成分分析主语(Subject)是全句谈论的中心话题找出下列句子的主语，并说出由什么词来充当1.Mr.Chenisawell-knownscientist.2.Heworksveryhardatschool3.Togotoagooduniversityishisfirstgoal.4.Doingmorningexerciseisgoodforyourhealth._____________________________________________名词代词不定式动名词谓语(Predicate)是回答主语做什么,怎么了，位于主语后1.WeloveChina.2.Wehavefinishedreadingthisbook.3.HecanspeakEnglish.4.Sheseemstired.__________________________宾语(object)是动作的对象,目标;位于及物动词后.1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或助动词加动词相应形式构成。如：Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.Hehascaughtabadcold.（2）由系动词加表语构成。如：Wearestudents.英语中那些成分可以充当宾语1.Weoftenhelphim.2.Helikestoplaybasketball.3.Weenjoylisteningtothemusic.4.Shesaidthathefeltsick.5.Theyaretalkingaboutthenewstudent._________________________________________________代词名词动名词从句注意:位于介词之后的成分也被称之为宾语.________宾语补足语是对宾语进行补充说明宾语和宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语1.TheyelectedJohnmonitor.2.WecallhimIronOx.3.Thedoctortoldmetodomoreexercise.4.Theymadeherhappy.5.Heisgoingtohavehaircut.6.Theysawabirdflyinginthesky._______________________________________________哪些动词后需接复合宾语的？ask/tell/teach/help/ordersbtodolet/make/havesbdo英语中有一类词叫系动词,与系动词连用的叫系表结构,说明主语的状态,性质等.1.Iamateacher.2.Theyareontheplayground.3.MyjobisteachingEnglish.4.Itgetscold.5.Itsoundsinteresting._____________________________________常见的系动词有be动词,有get,become,turn,grow等表“变得”的词,和感官动词(除了sound你还能举例吗?)________存在类:表示存在或具有某种特征或状态.这类连系动词强调存在。常见的有:(是),(看起来),(摸上去),(似乎是),(似乎、显得),(证明是),闻起来),(尝起来),(听起来)等。持续类:表示某种情况或状态的持续。这类连系动词强调持续。常见的有:(依然),(保持),(保持),(继续、仍旧),(处于某状况或情形)等变化类:表示由一种情况或状态变化成另一种情况或状态。这类连系动词强调变化后的情况或状态.常见的有:(变成),(变成),(变得),(变得)等。连系动词存在类:表示存在或具有某种特征或状态.这类连系动词强调存在。常见的有:be(是),look(看起来),feel(摸上去),seem(似乎是),appear(似乎、显得),prove(证明是),smell(闻起来),taste(尝起来),sound(听起来)等。持续类:表示某种情况或状态的持续。这类连系动词强调持续。常见的有:remain(依然),keep(保持),stay(保持),continue(继续、仍旧),stand(处于某状况或情形)等变化类:表示由一种情况或状态变化成另一种情况或状态。这类连系动词强调变化后的情况或状态.常见的有:become(变成),turn(变成),grow(变得),go(变得)等。定语是用来说名名词或代词性质特点的词找出下列句子的定语，并说出由什么词来充当1.Theblackbikeismine.2.Sheisachemistryteacher.3.Themaninblueismybrother.4.Thegirlplayingthepianoismyyoungersister.5.Theladywhoiswearingreddressisournewteacher.___________________________________________形容词介词短语分词从句名词____1.Theshortestdistancebetweentwopointsisastraightline.2.Wedidn’tmeetanybodynewatthemeeting.3.Theboy,tired,hungryandthirsty,felldownonthebeach.4.Heisamansuitableforthejob.________________________________________________你能归纳出定语的位置吗?______________定语说明名词特点,性质;状语则说明动词何如何.1.Weoftenhelphim.2.Ireallydon’tlikethefood.3.Hedidhishomeworkcarefullyathome.4.HermothergoesouttodosomeshoppingonSunday.5.WhenIgrowup,Iamgoingtobeadoctor._______________________________________________状语说明了动词的哪些方面的特点?_______________翻译下列句子：1.小李回家后，立刻就睡觉去了。XiaoLiwenttobedassoonashecamehome.2.我吃了饭就去了。I’llgowhenIhavehadmydinner.巩固练习：1．冬季白天短，夜晚长2．十五岁他就成为有名的钢琴家了。3．孩子们很少保持安静。4．她的工作是在幼儿园里照看儿童。Inwinter,thedaysareshortandthenightsarelong.Attheageoffifteen,hebecameafamouspianist.Childrenseldomkeepquiet.Herjobistolookafterthechildreninthenursery.5．他失业了。6．树叶已经变黄了7．这个报告听起来很有意思Heisoutofwork.Theleaveshaveturnedyellow.Thereportsoundsinteresting主谓结构本结构是由主语加不及物的谓语动词构成,常用来表示主语的动作。如：Thesunrises.Tomhasalreadyleft.主语可有修饰语-定语，谓语可有修饰语-状语。如:1.Theredsunrisesintheeast.2.Sotheyhadtotravelbyairorboat.3.Wegotupearlysoastocatchthefirstbus.4.Shesattherealone,readinganovel.5.Hecamebackwhenwewereeating.6.Weakbuildingswillfalldowninanearthquake,butstrongonesmaystayup.1．她昨天回家很晚。2．会议将持续两个小时。3．在过去的十年里，我的家乡已经发生了巨大变化4．1919年，在北京爆发了“五.四”运动。5．每天八时开始上课。6．这个重五公斤。1.Shewenthomeverylateyesterday.2.Themeetingwilllasttwohours.3.Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinmyhometowninthepasttenyears.4.TheMayFourthMovementbrokeoutinBeijingin1919.5.Classesbeginateighteveryday.6.Thisboxweighsfivekilos.7．五年前我住在北京。8．秋天有些鸟飞到南方去。9．我的爷爷早晨起得很早。10.每天下午有许多学生到图书馆来借书。9.Mygrandfathergetsupearlyinthemorning.10.Everyafternoonalotofstudentscometothelibrarytoborrowbooks.8.Inautumn,somebirdsflytothesouth.7.IlivedinBeijingfiveyearsago.主谓宾结构本结构是由主语+及物的谓语动词+宾语构成。宾语成分的多样化使得这一结构异常复杂。如：1.Tommadeaholeinthewall.2.Idon’tknowifhecancometomorrow.3.Theyhaven’tdecidedwheretogonext.4.ShestoppedteachingEnglishtwoyearsago.5.Ittookthemtenyearstobuildthedam.7.Motherpromisestogivemeapresent.巩固练习：1．昨晚我写了一封信。2．今天下午我想同你谈谈。3．这本书他读过多次了。4．他们成功地完成了计划。5．那位先生能流利地说三种语言。1.Iwrotealetterlastnight.2.Iwanttotalkwithyouthisafternoon.3.Hehasreadthisbookmanytimes.4.Theyhavecarriedouttheplansuccessfully.5.Thatgentlemancanspeakthreelanguagesfluently.6．我收到了笔友从澳大利亚寄来的信。7．Jim还不会自己穿衣服。8．我们大家都相信Jack是一个诚实男孩。9.他不知道说什麽好。10.我开窗户你在意吗？6.IreceivedaletterfrommypenfriendinAustralia.7.Jimcannotdresshimself.8.AllofusbelievethatJackisanhonestboy.9.Hedidnotknowwhattosay.10.Doyoumindmyopeningthewindow?英语基本句型4双宾语结构说明：此结构由“主语+及物谓语动词+间接宾语（人）+直接宾语（事物）”组成。如：Hebringsmecookieseveryday.但若要先说出直接宾语（事物），后说间接宾语（人），则要借助于介词to或for。如：Hebringscookiestomeeveryday.Shemadeabeautifuldressforme.用to侧重指动作的方向，表示朝着，向着，对着某人。用for侧重指动作的受益者，表示为了某人，替某人。常跟双宾语的动词有：（需借助to的）bring,give,lend,hand,offer,pass,pay,promise,return,send,show,teach,tell,write,ask等；（需借助for的）buy,call