2016考研英语长难句精讲完备讲义

1考研英语长难句突破讲义适用对象：考研学子，四级，六级英语学习或相当者。课程目的：打破英语阅读学习的幻觉，真正获得一扇通向别样美丽世界的窗户，人生从此再无长难句。为英语写作夯实基础。课程安排：方法论讲解；难句解析；考试实战演练第一部分方法论讲解引子我们为什么要精读句子？1.精读能力的要求（消除障碍的阅读）目标：准确【重要】精读2．泛读能力的要求（广泛获取信息的阅读）目标：快速技能：高职阅读的实际过程是什么知识：本科Input（英文）-mind（句子层面）-output（中文）思维：研究生思想：博士阅读在句子层面的障碍1．含义2．语序简单句的障碍来源简单句：只有一套谓语的句子基本句型包括：主+谓，主+谓+宾，主+谓+双宾，主+谓+宾+宾补，主+系+表定语，状语，同位语，插入语简单句的障碍识别及处理方法定语：在句子中修饰名词的成分problem-定义-细化-solution（思维方式）前置定语：adj+名词后置定语：形容词短语：形容词+介词+名词thisisabookusefulforyourfutureVingawomanwalkedontheroadVedapaintingpaintedbyJanen.+todoawaytosolvetheproblem介词短语：介词+名词abottleofwateronthetable表语形容词：aliveacatalive解决方案：前置P．S：Iwanttobepartofsomethingbig.Something属于不定代词。【不定代词定语置后】定语从句（不属于简单句范畴）自由笔记区2关系代词：人称代词：whowhomwhichthatas+非完整句引导词物主代词：whose+完整句关系连（副）词：wherewhywhenhow+完整句介词+关系代词：1宾语+非完整句Thisistheexpert/(towhom)weareturning.2状语+完整句Thereissomething([bythevirtueof]which)(指代something)themanistheman.3定语+完整句Therearealotofproblems(ofwhich)thefetchingfreshwateristheforest.【1拆分2找指代3定成分】同位语:在句子中和名词处于相同位置的成分。普通同位语A,BAorBAofB正式同位语从句that+完整句；处理办法：删除（中文中没有同位语）插入语处理办法：删除状语：处理方法：剥离/隔离修饰谓语——修饰动词副词adv，介词短语,修饰定语——修饰形容词Ving,Ved,todo,独立主格结构第三课时例1：Usingtechniquesfirstdevelopedfortheoffshoreoilandgasindustry,theDSDP’sdrillship,theGlomarChallenger,wasabletomaintainasteadypositionontheocean’ssurfaceanddrillinverydeepwaters,extractingsamplesofsedimentsandrockfromtheoceanfloor.例2：AfewartcollectorsJamesBowdoinⅢofBoston,WilliamByrdofVirginian,andtheAliensAndHamiltonofPhiladelphiaintroducedEuropeanarttraditionstothosecolonistsprivilegedtovisittheirgalleries,especiallyaspiringartists,andestablishedintheirrespectivecommunitiestheideaofthevalueartandtheneedforinstitutionsdevotedtoitsencouragement.非简单句的障碍来源非简单句的障碍解决方案关联词和主句专一原则that/as不能加介词inthat=because3关联词主句专一原则句子之间的关联方式1.并列并列联词的用法2.嵌套常见的复杂句形式层次化句子阅读方法1.层次化结构的表示形式2.括号匹配法画左括号的条件画右括号的条件笔记区小结区3.完整信息链法例3：Thehistoryofclinicalnutritionorthestudyoftherelationshipbetweenhealthandhowthebodytakesinandutilizesfoodsubstances,canbedividedintofourdistincteras:thefirstbeganinthenineteenthcenturyandextendedintotheearlytwentiethcenturywhenitwasrecognizedforthefirsttimethatfoodcontainedconstituentsthatwereessentialforhumanfunctionandthatdifferentfoodsprovideddifferentamountsoftheseessentialagents.例4：ThedesperateplightoftheSouthhaseclipsedthefactthatreconstructionhadtobeundertakenalsointheNorth,thoughlessspectacularly.例5：Thetechniqueofdirectcarvingwasabreakwiththenineteen-centurytraditioninwhichthemakingofaclaymodelwasconsideredthecreativeactandtheworkwasthenturnedovertostudioassistantstobecastinplasterorbronzeorcarvedinmarble.4规则描述：笔记区倒装句的分析方法1.部分倒装的处理方法2.完全倒装的处理方法2.1完全倒装的存在环境2.2能够在句子中充当主语和表语的成份2.3完全倒装的判断流程笔记区例1.Theimpressivegaininoutputstemmedprimarilyfromthewayinwhichworkersmadegoods,sincethe1790's,andNorthAmericanentrepreneurs—evenwithouttechnologicalimprovements—hadbroadenedthescopeoftheoutworksystemthatmademanufacturingmoreefficientbydistributingmaterialstoasuccessionofworkerswhoeachperformedasinglestepoftheproductionprocess.例2．TrackingwhalesisbutoneexampleofanexcitingnewworldjustopeningtocivilianscientistsafterthecoldwarastheNavystartstoshareandpartlyuncoveritsglobalnetworkofunderwaterlisteningsystembuiltoverthedecadestotracktheshipsofpotentialenemies.例3.Thefactthatartisans,whowerelookedonasmechanicsorskilledworkersintheeighteenthcentury,arefrequentlyconsideredartiststodayisdirectlyattributabletotheArtsandCraftsMovementofthenineteenthcentury.例4：Anyonewhohashandledafossilizedboneknowsthatitisusuallynotexactlylikeitsmoderncounterpart,themostobviousdifferentbeingthatitisoftenmuchheavier.例1：Hereinlaythebeginningofwhatultimatelyturnedfromignorancetodenialofthevalueofnutritionaltherapiesinmedicine.例2：Surroundingthecolumnarethreesepalsandthreepetals,sometimeseasilyrecognizableassuch,oftendistortedintogorgeous,weird,butalwaysfunctionalshapes.例3：WiththegrowingprosperitybroughtonbytheSecondWorldWarandtheeconomicboomthatfollowedit,youngpeoplemarriedandestablishedhouseholdsearlierandbegantoraiselargerfamiliesthanhadtheirpredecessorsduringtheDepression.例4：BasictoanyunderstandingofCanadain5笔记区例8：Accustomedthoughwearetospeakingofthefilmsmadebefore1927as“silent”,thefilmhasneverbeen,inthefullsenseoftheword,silent.例9：Coincidentwithconcernsabouttheacceleratinglossofspeciesandhabitatshasbeenagrowingappreciationoftheimportanceofbiologicaldiversity,thenumberofspeciesinaparticularecosystem,tothehealthoftheEarthandhumanwell-being.例10：MatchingtheinfluxofforeignimmigrantsintothelargercitiesoftheUnitedStatesduringthelatenineteenthcenturywasadomesticmigrationfromtownandfarmtocity,withintheUnitedStates.例11：Indeed,haditnotbeenforthesuperbpreservationofthesefossils,theymightwellhavebeenclassifiedasdinosaurs.6强调句的分析方法1.强调句的构成2.强调句的处理方法笔记区小结区例1：Itwasjustadecadebeforethisthatmanydrugcompanieshadfoundtheirvitaminsalesskyrocketingandwerequicktosupplypracticingphysicianswithgeneroussamplesofvitaminsandliteratureextollingthevirtueofsupplementationforavarietyofhealth-relatedconditions.例2：Itwasshe,aBaltimoreprinter,whopublishedthefirstofficialcopiesoftheDecl