网络质量是通信企业生命线GSMBSS信令流程2目的介绍GSM正常的呼叫流程(空中接口、A-bis接口和A接口)介绍部分常见的异常中断的流程内容GSM网络协议介绍GSM逻辑信道介绍无线链路建立流程(RadioandLinkEstablishmentProcedure)TCH正常分配流程(NormalAssignmentProcedure)主叫流程(OriginatingCall)被叫流程(TerminatingCall)位置更新流程(LocationUpdating)切换流程(HandoverProcedure)呼叫释放流程(CallReleaseProcedure)信道释放流程(ChannelReleaseProcedure)GSMBSS信令流程3GSM网络协议GSM协议层数无线网络优化主要关心第三层的信令无线网络优化主要关心DTAP、RSL的信令无线网络优化主要关心DTAP、BSSMAP和部分SCCP的信令DTAPRSLOML4GSM呼叫流程中常用的逻辑信道呼叫流程中常用的逻辑信道PCH寻呼信道(PagingChannel)RACH随机接入信道(RandomAccessChannel)AGCH接入认可信道(AccessGrantChannel)SDCCH独立专用控制信道(Stand-aloneDedicatedControlChannel)SACCH慢联系控制信道(SlowAssociatedChannel)TCH话务信道(TrafficChannel)FACCH快联系控制信道(FastAssociatedControlChannel)PCHRACHAGCHSDCCH+SACCHTCH/FACCH+SACCH5无线链路建立流程MSBTSBSCMSCChannelRequestChannelRequiredChannelActivation(SD)ChannelActAck(SD)ImmediateAssignmentCommandUIImmAssignment/ImmAssExtST9103ET9103ST3126ET3126ST3101SABM[L3Info]EstInd[L3Info]SCCPConRqrd[L3]SCCPConnConfirmET3101ST9105ET9105UA[L3Info](RACH)(EstCause,RndNbr)(EstCause,RndNbr,FN,TA)RACH_TA_Filtering(TA,BS/MS_TxPwr--Max,Chann)Timer;S--Start;E--EndEntity信令消息空中接口Abis接口A接口(RndNbr,TDMAFrameNbr,Chan,TA)(AGCH)同时对两个MS分配SDCCH(SDCCH)BSC开始对MS发出的上行DTAP消息排队(如CMServAbort消息)。如果收到MS发出的ClassmarkChange消息,BSC会在SCCP连接完成后发ClassmarkUpdate消息给交换机如CMServReq,PagRes,LocUpdateReq等SetAsynchronousBalanceMode。在任何新信道登陆时均会有SABM过程UnnumberedAck6SDCCH拥塞如果BSC在收到ChannelRequired时,相应小区没有空闲的SDCCH,BSC将会如果小区参数En_Imm_Ass_Rej=“True”,则发ImmediatelyAssignmentReject否则忽略ChannelRequired消息T9103超时BSC发RFChannelRelease消息到BTSBSC收到ChannelActivationNAck消息BSC内部释放BTS的相应无线信道(没有任何消息在Abis接口上传送)T3101超时Layer3无法建立BSC发RFChannelRelease到BTST9105超时BSC通过呼叫释放过程(CallReleaseProcedure)释放原先建立的SDCCH连接在A接口,BSC向MSC发SCCP释放请求在RF部分,BSC向手机和BTS发信道释放消息无线链路建立流程——异常情况7BSC收到EstablishIndication消息,但消息中不含Layer3InformationBSC向手机和BTS发信道释放消息Abis上的其它异常中断消息的处理BSC收到ErrorIndicationCause为:–“T200Expiry”:监视SABM和UA过程–“UnsolicitedDMResponse”(发生在Disconnect过程中)–“SequenceError”释放:–A接口上,BSC发ClearRequest“RadioInterfaceFailure”到交换机–BSC向手机和BTS发信道释放消息BSC收到ConnectionFailureindication(Cause:RadioLinkFailure)在A接口上,BSC发ClearRequest“RadioInterfaceFailure”到交换机BSC向BTS发RFChannelRelease消息BSC收到ReleaseIndication当收到手机发出的DISC消息–A接口上,BSC发ClearRequest“RadioInterfaceFailure”到交换机–BSC向手机和BTS发信道释放消息无线链路建立流程——异常情况8MSBTSBSCMSCAuthenticationReqCipheringModeCmdAuthenticationReqAuthenticationReqAuthenticationRespAuthenticationRespAuthenticationRespEncryptionCommandCipheringModeCmdCipheringModeCmpCipheringModeCmpCipheringModeCmpTMSIReallocCmdTMSIReallocCmdTMSIReallocCmdTMSIReallocCmpTMSIReallocCmpTMSIReallocCmpAuthenticationCipheringTMSIReallocST3260ET3260*AuthenticationReject*IdentificationIdentificationRequestST3270ET3270IdentificationRequestIdentificationRequestIdentificationResponseIdentificationRespIdentificationResponseST3250ET3250(RAND)(SRES)RAND与Ki经过A3算法得到SRES;经过A8算法得到Kc比较SRES(IMSI)选择加密算法(PermittedAlg,Kc)准备解密接收(Alg,Kc)(Alg(A5算法))开始加密发射和解密接收如正确解密接收,则下条消息加密发射已加密的消息(TMSI)VLR从HLR处得到RAND/SRES/Kc鉴权、身份识别、加密、TMSI重新分配过程9鉴权过程中的异常情况鉴权失败如果鉴权过程中使用TMSI,网络将启动身份识别过程。如果手机送上来的IMSI与VLR中TMSI所对应的IMSI不一致,则重新进行鉴权如果鉴权过程中已经使用IMSI,则网络发AuthenticationReject消息。这个SIM将被认为是无权的T3260超时第一次超时,网络将重发鉴权请求;第二次超时,网络将释放该MM连接身份识别过程中的异常情况T3270超时第一次超时,网络将重发身份识别请求;第二次超时,网络将释放该MM连接TMSI重新分配过程中的异常情况T3250超时第一次超时,网络将重发TMSI重新分配请求;第二次超时,网络将释放该MM连接鉴权、身份识别、加密、TMSI重新分配过程——异常情况10MSBTSBSCMSCChannelActivationTCHSABM(FACCH)ChannelActivationAck.AssignmentCommandAssignmentCommandAssignmentRequestPhysicalContextRequestPhysicalContextConfirmEstablishIndicationUAAssignmentCompleteAssignmentCompleteAssignmentCmpRFChannelRelease(SD)RFChannelReleaseAck.STrr1ETrr1ST9108ET9108ST9103ET9103ST3107ET3107(ChnType,Priority,CIC,DLDTX,QueuingFlag)(TA,MS/BS_TxPwr)(SDCCH)(TA,MS/BS_TxPwr)(MA,TS,HSN,MAIO,MS_TxPwr)占用TCH时,如需传送信令,则通过StealingFlag将TCH转换成FACCH一般情况下,在RF信道释放前都有PhysicalContextReq过程TCH分配过程11MSBTSBSCMSCSABM(FACCH)ChannelActivationHOCMDAssignmentRequestPhysicalConReqChan.Act.Ack.HODetectionUAPhys.InfoAssignmentCmpST11ST3103QueuingIndicationET11Atthistime,aTCHbecomefreeTCH拥塞和排队AssignmentRequestST11QueuingIndicationET11AHandoveralarmisraised.AtargetBTSisselectedHOCMDHOAccessST9103ET9103TTSTTEstablishIndicationTTHOCMPTHOCMPST3124ET3124ET3103直接重试如果QueuingInd=True或Queuing_Anyway=True。(当Queuing_Anyway时T11_Forced取代T11TCH分配过程——排队和直接重试12TCH拥塞情况不允许排队或队列已满在A接口BSC发AssignmentFailureNoRadioResourceAvailable呼叫进入队列,但T11时间内没有TCH空出在A接口BSC发ClearRequestNoRadioResourceAvailable呼叫被优先级更高的呼叫挤出队列在A接口BSC发AssignmentFailureNoRadioResourceAvailable”T9108超时:BTS对physicalcontextrequest没有响应之后的ChannelActivation消息中将不带TA和手机及BTS的发射功率信息T9103超时:ChannelActivation没有回应A接口上BSC发AssignmentFailureRadioInterfaceFailureBSC向BTS发RFChannelRelease消息TCH分配过程——异常情况13BSC收到ChannelActivationNegativeAcknowledge消息ChannelActivationNegativeAcknowledge有以下几种原因:ChannelAlreadyActivated(CAA):BSC向手机和BTS发信道释放消息RadioResourceNotAvailable(RRNA)-Protocolerror(PE):BSC内部释放Requestedtranscodingratenotsupported(RTRNS):BSC内部释放Encryptionalgorithmnotimplemented(EANI):BSC内部释放O&MIntervention(OI):BSC内部释放