宁波地区出口机电产品检验监管的现状与对策研究

上海交通大学硕士学位论文宁波地区出口机电产品检验监管的现状与对策研究姓名：程杰申请学位级别：硕士专业：公共管理指导教师：郭俊华20090507MPAIMPAIIMPAIIIRESEARCHONTHESTATUSANDCOUNTERMEASURESOFEXPORTELECTRICPRODUCTSINSPECTIONSUPERVISIONINNINGBOABSTRACTTheexport-orientedeconomygrowsrapidlyinChinaenteringthe21CN,whichbringsthebroaddevelopmentofInspectionandQuarantineaswellasthechallenge.InordertoguaranteequalityoftheexportproductsandmaintainthereputationofthewholeChinaManufacturing,thegovernmentpayshighattentiononinspectionsupervisionoftheexportproductsespeciallytheelectricproducts.However,thecurrentinspectionandsupervisionmodeofelectricproductswhichisinspectingproductsbatchbybatchdeclaredbythemanufacturer,aswellasextractingsomefromlotsofbatchesaccordingtotheexportcapacityoftheenterprise,hasconstrainedthedevelopmentofinspectionandquarantineeventriggeredsomedeep-seatedcontradiction.Thetraditionalqualityregulationmodefocusedmoreontheproductinspection,neglectedthesupervisionoftheenterprise,measuredtheproblemsafterward,isseriouslyconstrainedbytheabilityoftheinspectionofficerandtheotherallocationofresources,whilethemodernlogisticsandnewsituationofforeigntradedemands“zerostock”andthefastcirculationfrommanufacturetoexportundertheglobalizationofworldeconomy.Therefore,theaboveissuesurgentlyneedtoberesearchedmoredeeply.Inthispaper,theauthortriestousethebasictheoryfrom“PublicEconomics”,“RegulationofEconomics”,“NewPublicManagement”,“RiskManagement”andotherrelatedtheoriestoguidetheresearch.AfterintroducingtheinspectionmodeandcharacteristicsofexportelectricproductsinNingbo,theauthoranalyzesthemainproblemintheinspectionandsupervision,suchasthecontradictionbetweentheallocationofadministrationresourceandtheexportstatus,theexistingregulationmoderunningcountertothetrendofinternationaltrade,theincompatiblethinkingmodeoftheinspectionofficerwiththefunctionofregulationdepartment,thelow-integrityhinderingtheprogressofMPAIVelectronicmonitoringsystem,intercrossingsupervisionfunctions,inconsistentofpowerandresponsibilityandmulti-management,thelagginglegislationofimport&exportinspectionandsupervision,aswellastheslightpunishmentofbreakinglaws,theinsignificantofguidingeffectofsocialinspectioninstitution,andsoon.LearningtheexperienceofmerchandisequalitysupervisionfromtheforeigndevelopedcountriesandstudyingthebasicregulationcharacteroftheotherministryinChina,theauthorgivessuggestionsonhowcouldtheinspectionauthorityimprovethevalidityoninspectionandsupervisionasfollowsimprovingthemeansofsupervision,changingthemodeofqualityinspectionandguarantee,settingupasoundcreditsystemofInspectionandQuarantine,strengtheningself-construction,carryingoutinspectionandquarantinelawstrictly,fosteringandguidingsocialinstitutiontoplayaroleinthearea,rebuildingtheprocessofinspectionandsupervisionoftheexportelectricproducts.KEYWORDSgovernmentmanagement,exportelectricproducts,inspectionandsupervisionMPA1200820088229.317.357.6%[1]2007200[1]2008MPA2123MPA3IchiroAraki2001WTOWTO[1](KeithEMaskus2000)JohnSWilson2000[2]1992governmentregulation[3][1]IchiroArakiChinaandtheAgreementonTechnicalBarrierstoTradePresentedataconferenceentitledChinaandtheWTOheldbytheAustralianNationalUniversityinMarch2001[2]KeithEMaskusandJohnSWilsonQuantifyingtheImpactofTechnicalBarrierstoTradepreparedfortheWorldBankWorkshoponQuantifyingtheTradeEffectofStandardsandTechnicalBarriersIsitPossibleApril272000[3][M]199227-28MPA42001[1]++2006[2]2007[3]2008[4][1][J]200157-9[2][D]2006[3][D]2007[4][J]2008411-13MPA5MPA6MPA7Inspection[1]RegulationSupervisionF[2][1][M]200230[2]F[M].199945MPA8RoHS[1][2]2008FDA[1]20032132002/95/EC(RoHS)200571820[2]()0.01/2006529MPA9[1][2][1]GeorgeAAkerlof194019661980[2][J]20081223-24MPA10[1]RichardAPosner1974[2][3][4][1][J]()200429-12[2]RichardAPosnerTheoriesofEconomicRegulation[J]BellJournalofEconomicsandManagementScience,1974,5(2)335-358[3][J]2002754-59[4]MPA11[1][2][3]2007[1][M]1997147[2][N]2007-4-24[3][J]20075332-34MPA12[1]18[1][J]200116402-406MPA13[1][1][J]2008821MPA14[1][2][1]2080[2][D]2006MPA15MPA16199981015MPA1720WTO7780488ISO/IEC90[1]200134.5%[1]2001-2008MPA18731312008134.4103.231%%200840147113439307.3912.2128344310320013.9212.482007373897119783119.1234.3527280091763819.935.54200631396489014017.9319.5522762967574519.6923.17200526655174539526.8237.6519035554915424.8940.54200421637553433621.2429.4315259635698025.5946.74200317845041287534.9333.4512150024330739.3640.542002132045308813130.8125.7987011172544144.45138.162001100961245560--66151129680--02040608010012014020012002200320042005200620072008:31MPA19200831872007372100019610021033229300100082232000100020005001000100500100210365.99%932.92%1033.23%1986.21%69021.65%322008[1]RoHSWeeeReach[1][D]2007MPA20508032200826878369.717185728.663.9%68.4%[1]322008162890455.53%2898128.03%1165749.14%1109182.73%784051.28%723244.44%2293120552.55%[1]200814MPA21CIQ2000[1][1]1999MPA22[1][1][M]200531-33MPA232003[1]2003[1][M]200495-98MPA245%15%30%45%60%100%[1]23.1%33[2]200030200860505[1][J]512003.7.18[2]2001-2008MPA2505101520253020012002200320042005200620072008:33MPA26MPA27[1][1][D]2005MPA282007MPA29(TUV)MPA30CFR[