西方城市更新发展历程和政策演变-董玛力

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1,2,1,3(1.,100101;2.,100049;3.,050016)DEVELOPMENTCOURSEANDPOLICYEVOLUTIONOFURBANRENEWALINWESTERNCITIESDONGMa-li1,2,CHENTian1,WANGLi-yan3(1.InstitueofGeographicSciencesandNaturalResourcesResearch,ChineseAcademyofSciences,Beijing100101,China;2.GraduateUniversityofChineseAcademyofSciences,Beijing100049,China3.EnvironmentandNaturalResourcesCollege,HebeiNormalUniversity,Shijiazhuang050016,China)Abstract:Urbanrenewalpolicesinwesterncitiescanbegenerallydividedintofourgenerations:theeraofbulldozerafterWW,theneighborhoodrehabilitationduring1960s-1970sh,therevitalizationofcitycenterfromlate1970stoearly1990s,andtheintegrativeregenerationofneighborhoodafterthe21stcentury.Thecharacteristicsofrenewalpolicyineachgenerationarequitedifferent.Eachrenewalgenerationhasitsuniquesocialandeconomicbackground,differentmajorparticipants,differenttarget-orientedrenewalmethodsanddifferentregenerationeffects.Therefore,thispapersystematicallyanalyzesthedevelopmentcoursesofurbanrenewalinwesterncities,andconcludesthecharacteristicsofurbanrenewalpoliciesduringthefourgenerations.Firstly,therenewaltheoryinwesterncitiesisturningfromphysicalplantohumanismplan.Secondly,thepolicyideologyofurbanregenerationisdevelopingandreachingmaturityinanissue-orientedapproach.Thirdly,thecooperationmodeofurbanrenewalinwesterncitiesischangingfromgovernmentorientedpatterntomultiplecooperationway,andtheintensepartnershipofthegovernment,privateentrepreneursandneighborhoodresidentsisobviouslythefuturetrendofurbanregeneration.What'smore,basedonthecomprehensiveunderstandingofpolicyrenovationinwesterncities,it'sinspirationtourbanrenewalinChinaisconcludedintheend.Firstly,thenatureofurbanrenewalshouldbere-understoodandre-recognized.Secondly,theultimateobjectofurbanrenewalisthepeopleintheneighborhood,butnottheneighborhoodplaceitself;andthefinaltargetofurbanrenewalistheimprovingofhabitatenvironment.Thirdly,urbanrenewalismorecomplexthaninitialconstructionofurbanplace.TheroleofcityplannersinthefieldofurbanrenewalinChinaisalsodiscussedintheend.Keywords:urbanrenewal;policy;ideology;method:1003-2398(2009)05-0042-05:“———”,、、。,,,、。:,,。:;;;:F291.1:A::1983—。E-maildongml.06b@igsnrr.ac.cn:2008-07-01;:2008-11-2520095109HUMANGEOGRAPHYVol.24.No.52009/1042HUMANGEOGRAPHYVol.24.No.52009/10200。。[1][2,3]。、。1。1、、。、。1.1、、。1930Green-woodAct[4]。。1937HousingLaw。。。1.22060。60“”[5]。-。1Tab.1EvolutionofUrbanRenewalinWesternCities43 1960 1960 -1970 1980 -1990 1990   !#$%&’()*+&’,-./0*1&2345678.9:;=?@1930AB8.=?@1937AB8.C DE56@1965A78.FG3HIJ?K@1969ALMN.OPQR56@1973A?8.OP56@1981A78.DESTUVWXSY@1980AB8.Z[\]^_‘abYVZ[cdeVfXghY@1980A7.DEi56@1991A7.jklmno@1995Apq.rstu@1999Almvwxyz{|}8~€&’‚YlmFƒS„…†D‡ˆ‰Š‹VŒŽY‘’“”•–—˜‘”™š›DEœž}Ÿ ¡¢DEˆ‰£¤…–¥S‘¡¢¦§¨©ª=Š‹ «¬¡­®¯°±*²³´Eµ„…†D‡S‘Eœ1¶}“·}Ÿ¸¹®¯º»¼_½¾œƒ¿ÀÁ †DÂíŽ|Ä*ªŠ‹‘¡ÅDEŒÆÇŒÈÉÇ Ê|YËÌÍcÎÏЕÎ-lmѤ–—˜ˆ‰ÒÓFYÔÕÖ×؆D–—YDE†DYÙDEÒÓFYÚ6ÛÜÝÒÓFYÞßàŽáâFGÇãFàŽãFY¿äãFàŽ…YÙàŽåæYYÙàŽçèéœê3H&„œê3HèFG3Hkë Yì§íîçèŽï3Hèì§íîð…ñòóô Yª—õöÔ÷ø3HVì§íîY…kë áâYçèëÈùúeuûüTýíîþeÿì*þe&2û$œê3 FG3INì*WX*þeé3HÿeuTýíîI Nì*WX*þe vw3H&„$ 3H&„$ Eµ&„$ Gkë$ è$ rk20095109HUMANGEOGRAPHYVol.24.No.52009/10。60ModelCitiespro-gram[6]。60、。、、。1.32080。70。802。2080、、。。“”“”[7]。、。。1.42090、、。。、。1991“”20“”[8]。[9]。Robert2000“、、、、”[10]。22.1。“”[11]。、。、、。。“”“”、[12]。、1。1Fig.1TheoryDevelopmentofUrbanRenewal2.2。。。。“”。“”[13]  !#$%&UrbanRenewal’(UrbanRedevelopment)*+,-.NeighborRegeneration44HUMANGEOGRAPHYVol.24.No.52009/10。。、。80“”[14,15]。“”“20—40”[16]。“”2。、、。2.3、3。1970。50%207075%。。1980。-。、。。。。2090[17]。、。32090。。。、。、、。。2Tab.2IdeologyChangeofUrbanRenewalinWesternCountries45  !#$%&’()*+,-./012345 /6789:;=?@AB:;@CDEFG1HIJKLMNBO:;OPQJ()RSTUVWXYZ[F()\*]^0_‘abcdBJ:;e!fF g\A1_hijklm45*nod@p:;qr45‘@AB:;@CjkDEstusv=fFwFAxyQJ1z{WX|}Q~GB€ /67]‚‚20095109HUMANGEOGRAPHYVol.24.No.52009/10。、。。、、。。、。。。。。[1]NaomiCarmon.ThreeGenerationofUrbanRenewalPolicies[J].AnalysisandPolicyImplications.Geoforum1999(30):145-158.[2]DaviesAdams.PartnershipsandRegimes:thePoliticsofUrbanRegenerationintheUK[M].Aldershort:Ashgate,2001.17-44,135-159.[3].[J].2004(11)426-32.[4]ShortJ.R.HousinginBritain:ThePost-WarExperience[M].London:Methuen,1982.36-37.[5]Harrington.TheOtherAmericanCities[M].Bobbs-Merrill,1962.14-46.[6]Lipton,G.Evidenceofcentralcityrevival[J].JournaloftheAmericaninstituteofplanner,1977:126-137.[7]Frieden,etal.DowntownInc:HowAmericaRebuidsCities[M].Cambridge:MITPress,1989.15-57.[8]Davoudi.CityChallenge:TheThree-wayPartnership[J],PlanningPracticeandResearch,1995,10:333-344.[9]AdamsD..[M].AveburyAldershot1991.175-185.[10]Roberts,etal.UrbanRegeneration:aHandbook[M].London:SagePublications,2000.29-37.[11].[J].2000.222-260.[12].[J].,2004,21-6.[13]Murray,C.LoosingGround:AmericanSocialPolicy,1950-1980[M].NewYork:BasicBooks,1984.134-178.[14]Schaffer,R

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