第八讲：省略句-强调句和倒装句

第八讲：省略句，强调句和倒装句ByAlfred倒装句什么是倒装句？在英语中，主语和谓语的语序通常是主语在前，谓语在后。但有时为了语法结构的需要，或者是为了强调，谓语的全部或一部分却提到主语前面，这种语序叫做倒装。倒装可分为:全部倒装局部倒装２、部分谓语（情态动词、助动词、连系动词）在前，谓语的主体部分仍在主语之后的句子，叫局部倒装。Onlythendidherealizethathewaswrong.１、整个谓语在前的句子，叫全部倒装。Herecomesthecar.一、全部倒装There+动词结构中常常使用全部倒装，这类动词主要有:exist,seem,happen,appear,live,rise,stand等。Therestoodadogbeforehim.Thereexistdifferentopinionsonthisquestion.________abeautifulpalace________thefootofthehill.A.Therestand;atB.Therestands;underC.Standsthere;underD.Therestands;at将out/here/there/now/then等副词在句首，表强调，也要使用全部倒装句型结构：副词+动词+主语Herecomesthebus.Theregoesthebell.Nowcomesyourturn.Outwentthechildren.注：代词做主语时，主谓语序不变Hereyouare.Hereitis.Inhecomes.There________.Andhere________.A.goesthephone;shecomesB.isthephonegoing;issheC.doesthephonego;doesshecomeD.thephonegoes;comesheOut________,withastickinhishand.A.didherushB.rushedheC.herushedD.hedidrush练习：当表示地点的介词词组(如onthewall,underthetree,infrontofthehouse,inthemiddleoftheroom等)在句首时，也要使用全部倒装。Atthefootofthehillliesabeautifullake.Thesoldiersrantothebuilding,onthetopofwhichflewaflag.Eastofthelakelietwotowns.Underthetreewaslyingawoundedsoldier.Inthemiddleofthechurch________man.A.stoodsuchanoldB.stoodasooldC.stoodsucholdaD.standssoanoldOnthewall__________twopictures.A.HangB.HangsC.HangedD.Hanging表语置于句首,一般也使用全部倒装：1)形容词+系动词+主语PresentatthemeetingwereProfessorWhiteandmanyotherguests.2)过去分词+系动词+主语Gonearethedays.3)介词短语+be+主语AmongthegoodsareChristmastrees,flowersandtoys.________,amanofachievements,deepthoughts,butwithsimplehabits.A.EinsteinwassuchB.SuchwasEinsteinC.EinsteinwassoD.SowasEinstein________arethedayswhenteacherswerelookeddownupon.A.GoneB.GoC.TogoD.Going二、部分倒装部分倒装是把be动词、情态动词、have放到主语之前。如果句子中没有这些词,要在主语之前加助动词do/does/did等,而把原来的谓语动词变成原形放在主语之后。以下几种情况我们要使用局部倒装。1.句首状语为否定词或半否定词的句子，使用局部倒装。这类词或短语主要有never,neither,nor,little,seldom(很少，不常）,rarely（很少，罕有）,hardly,scarcely（几乎不，简直没有）,nosooner（立即）,notonly,innoway（决不）,atnotime,few,not,no等,如:NotaworddidIsaytohim.NeverhaveIfoundhimsohappy.LittledoeshecareaboutwhatIsaid.Ican'tswim.Neithercanhe.Nosoonerhadhegonetobedthanhefellasleep.巩固练习:1)Hardly____theairportwhentheplanetookoff.A.IhadarrivedatB.hadIarrivedC.hadIreachedD.Ihadgotto2)—Haveyoueverseenanythinglikethatbefore?—No,_____anythinglikethatbefore.A.IneverhaveseenB.neverIhaveseenC.neverhaveIseenD.Ihaveseen3)Sheisnotfondofcooking,____I.A.soamB.noramC.neitherD.nordo2.only+状语短语，副词或状语从句放在句首,要部分倒装。如:Onlybythismeansisitpossibletoexplainit.(介词短语)OnlythendidIrealizetheimportanceofmath.(副词)Onlywhenthewarwasoverin1918washeabletogethappilybacktowork.(状语从句)Onlyinthisway____makeprogressinyourEnglish.A.youB.canyouC.youbeabletoD.willyouabletoOnlywhenthemeetingwasover___gobacktomeethisfriend.A.hecouldB.hewasabletoC.washeabletoD.wasabletohe3.so或so引导的短语放在句首,要部分倒装。如:Isawthefilm,sodidshe.IloveEnglish,sodoeshe.Soloudlydidhespeakthatevenpeopleinthenextroomcouldhearhim.Soloudly_____that____hearherclearly.A.didshespeak;couldeveryoneB.didshespeak;everyonecouldC.shespoke;couldeveryoneD.shespoke;everyonecould4.Notonly+分句,butalso+分句句型中的前一分句要部分倒装。如:Notonlydidhemakeapromise,butalsohekeptit.Notonlyissheprettybutalsosheiskindhearted.___himselfwrong,buthisfriendswerewrong.A.NotwasonlyheB.NotonlyheC.NotonlywasheD.Notonlywas5.Notuntil放在句首,从句不倒装,主句局部倒装。如:Notuntillastweekdidtheyfindthelostbike.(简单句)Notuntilmysonhadenteredtheuniversitydidherealizetheimportanceoftime.(复合句)Notuntiltheearlyyearsofthe19thcentury___knowwhatheatis.A.mandidB.manC.didn'tmanD.didmanNotuntilIbegantowork____realizehowmuchtimeIhadwasted.A.didn'tIB.didIC.Ididn'tD.I6.在以often,well,manyatime,nowandagain等方式或频度副词(短语)开头的句子中,要用部分倒装结构。如:ManyatimehasJohngivenmegoodadvice.Oftendidshecometomyhouseinthepast.Manyatime________swimmingalone.A.theboywentB.wenttheboyC.didtheboygoD.didgotheboy综合练习；将下列句子改为倒装：1.Theshopwillnotopenuntil9o’clock._______________________________theshopopen.2.Iwillneverseeyouagain.___________________________youagain.3.IrealizedthatIwaswrongonlythen.____________________________thatIwaswrong.Notuntil9o’clockwillNeverwillIOnlythendidIrealize4.Ihadnosoonergothomethanitbegantorain.____________________________thanitbegantorain.5.Manytreesstandonbothsidesoftheroad.______________________________manytrees.NosoonerhadIgothomeOnbothsidesofroadstand中译英：做饭不仅使孩子们更加独立，给他们一项基本的生活技能，而且还可以让他们远离垃圾食品。（notonly…butalso：不仅……而且……;independent:独立的;junkfood：垃圾食品）只有在你成功时你才会感到快乐。(delighted：快乐的；开心的)Notonlycancookingmakechildrenmoreindependent,givingthemabasiclifeskill,butalsokeepsthemawayfromjunkfood.Notuntilyouaresuccessfulwillyoufeeldelighted.如此令人钦佩的一个摄影师，总能拍出优秀的作品。（admirable：令人钦佩的；photographer：摄影师;excellent：优秀的）尽管他是一个小偷，却从来没有被指控过犯罪。(accusesb.of罪行：控诉某人某罪；crime：犯罪)直到他来帮忙，我们才意识到任务的最后期限就要到了。(assist：帮忙；deadline：最后期限)Neverhashebeenaccusedofcrime,althoughheisathief.Suchanadmirablephotographerishethathecanalwaystakeexcellentpictures.Notuntilhecametohelpdidwerealizethedeadlinewasabouttocome.强调句什么是强调句？强调句是一种修辞，是人们为了表达自己的意愿或情感而使用的一种形式。通过各种方式对句子中的某个部分进行强调，从而起到修辞的作用。最常见结构是Itis(was)+被强调部分+who(that)...。修饰人时，that或者who都可以，修饰物则使用that，需注意的是：强调部分是时间