第六节数值微分一、插值型求导公式已知表格函数()yfxxy0x0y1x1y2x2ynxny以构造n次拉格朗日插值多项式:0(,)niiixy()nPx()()nfxPx插值型求导公式:误差估计111()()()()()()!nnnffxPxxn111()()()()()()!nnnffxPxxn111111()()()()()()()!()!nnnnxfxfnn111()()()()()()!nininiffxPxxn012,,,,in为了计算方便和估计误差,节点通常取等距节点。两点公式已知表格函数()yfxxy0x0y1x1y作线性插值011010110()xxxxPxyyxxxx0110101101101()()()yyPxyyPxxxxxh10hxx误差010112()()()hfxyyfh110212()()()hfxyyfh三点公式已知表格函数()yfxxy0x0y1x1y2x2y其中012,,kxxkhk作二次插值0212201010210120122021()()()()()()()()()()()()()xxxxxxxxPxyyxxxxxxxxxxxxyxxxx2()()fxPx对x求导数,021220122012222()()()()()()()()()()xxxxxxxxPxfxfxhhxxxxfxh当时得到三点公式:012,,xxxx20012113423()()hfxyyyfh21022126()()hfxyyfh22012314323()()hfxyyyfh中点公式利用二次的插值多项式,还可以导出二阶导数的计算公式。012202122()()()()()()fxfxfxPxPxPx012212()()()fxfxfxh例3:已知函数在处的函数值,()fx应用三点公式计算这些点处的一阶、二阶导数值.101112.,.,.x解:ix()ifx10.0250000.11.0226757.12.0206612.应用三点公式00121342()()()()fxfxfxfxh10212()()()fxfxfxh20121432()()()()fxfxfxfxhix()ifx10.024792.11.021694.12.018596.计算结果如下:012012212()()()()()()fxfxfxfxfxfxh03098.