现代大学英语精读4第二版Unit3Groundless-Beliefs

GroundlessBeliefsA.E.ManderReinforcementTextAnalysisGroundlessBeliefsBackgroundWarmingupUnit3Questions/ActivitiesCheck-onPreviewObjectivesWBTRWarmingupGroundlessBeliefsUnit3WarmingupQuestions/ActivitiesArecarrotsarabbit’sfavorite?Howdoyouknow?WBTRAristotlevs.Galileo’sLesson6–GroundlessBeliefs•WhywasGalileoabletoproveAristotlewrong?•WhatlessonshallwelearnfromGalileo’sexperiment?WarmingupQuestions/ActivitiesWhatarethewordsusedbytheauthorinreferringtogroundless“beliefs”?---propositions,assumptions,dogma,opinionAccordingtotheauthorwheredothesebeliefscomefrom?---fromotherpeople:family,friends,media,tradition,interestgroups,etc.Whydowetendtoacceptthesebeliefs?---“suggestion”,self-interest,sentimentalassociations,FashionWhydowehavetobeonguardagainstthem?---mostofthemareirrational;theyare_________ratherthanthought.---oncetheybecomesos________intheypreventusfromacceptingnewideas.Check-onPreviewWarmingupObjectives•Callattentiontogroundlessbeliefs•Understandthecausesofgroundlessbeliefs•Discusstheimportanceofinquisition•Considerthestrategiesagainstgroundlessbeliefs•Encouragestudentstoactivelyidentifygroundlessbeliefsinlife•AppreciatethelogicstructureWBTRWarmingupBackgroundAuthorBWTRGroundlessBeliefsUnit3•A.E.Mander(1894–1985)Awell-publishedAustralianscholar.BackgroundAuthorHisLifeandWorks•BooksLogicforthemillionsClearerthinking(logicforeveryman)ThemakingoftheAustraliansOurshamdemocracyPsychologyforeveryman(andwoman)Clearerthinking;logicforeverydayusePublicenemy,thepressAlarmingAustraliaQuotationsfromMander’sbook•Thetroublewithmostfolksisnotsomuchtheirignorance,astheirknowingsomanythingswhichain'tso.----JoshBillings•Hewhocannotreasonisafool;hewhowillnotisabigot;hewhodarenotisaslave.-----W.DrummondBackgroundAuthorDetailedAnalysisStructureThemeTextAnalysisTWBRGroundlessBeliefsUnit3TextAnalysisThemeUnderstandthesourcesofgroundlessbeliefsDevelopthealerttogroundlessbeliefsEmphasizetheimportanceofacurious,inquiringmindDiscusshowtodevelopsuchamindTWBRI.TheIntroduction(para.1):PrevalenceofgroundlessbeliefsII.Thebody(paras.2–24):Types/Causesofgroundlessbeliefs1.Resultofenvironmentinearlylife.(paras.2–3)2.Parroting.(paras.4–13)3.Self-interest(paras.14–17)4.Sentimentalassociations(paras.18–19)5.Fashion(paras.20–24)III.Theconclusion(para.25):Thewriter’spraiseofrationalthinkersTextAnalysisStructureTextAnalysisDetailedAnalysisMainIdeaSentenceParaphraseWords&ExpressionsExerciseIIIIIITWBRTextAnalysisDetailedAnalysisPartI:TheIntroduction(para.1):PrevalenceofgroundlessbeliefsMainIdeaWhatdoestheauthoradvocateinthefirstsentence?Haveyoueveraskedyourselfthesequestions?Canyougiveexamplesofgroundlessbeliefswhichrestupon“meretradition”orsomebody’s“bareassertion”?TextAnalysisDetailedAnalysisPartI:SentenceParaphrase•Theyrestuponmeretradition,oronsomebody’sbareassertionunsupportedbyevenashadowofproof...(para.1)bebasedonThesegroundlessbelievesareeitherbasedontraditionoronsomebody’sstrongclaimswhicharenotsupportedbytheslightesttraceofproof.theslightesttraceofproofTextAnalysisDetailedAnalysisPartI:Words&ExpressionsWordsPhrasesSentencePatternclasscomeacrossmeetwithrestupon(on)ashadowofWhatreasonhavewefordoing…TextAnalysisDetailedAnalysisPartI:Exercise•TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingwordsinthebrackets.–如今，在他们生活的城市，农民工很少被当成市民看待。(class)–Yetfewofmigrantworkersareevenclassedascitizensofthecitywheretheylive.–一个国家的实力不只是取决于经济发展；它至少在相同的程度上有赖于其教育水平。（restupon)–Thestrengthofacountrydoesnotrestuponeconomicdevelopmentalone;itrestsuponeducation,atleasttothesameextent.–我们明确地知道，人的生命从何时开始。(ashadowof…)–Weknow,withoutashadowofadoubt,whenhumanlifebegins。TextAnalysisDetailedAnalysisPartII:Types/Causesofgroundlessbeliefs(paras.2–24)Section1.Resultofenvironmentinearlylife.(paras.2–3)Howcanasimple“suggestion”becomea“belief”?…uncriticallyweacceptedandbelievedit.…wedidn’thavethepowerofquestioning.Howshallwedealwiththebeliefsdevelopedinearlychildhood?TextAnalysisDetailedAnalysisRomanCatholicInordertobesaved,allpersonswhohaveattainedtheuseofreasonmustbelieveexplicitlythatGodexistsandthatherewardsthegoodandpunishesthewicked.TheChurchisthecongregationofallbaptizedpersons,undertheauthorityoftheSovereignPontiffandthebishopsincommunionwithhim.WefindthechieftruthstaughtbyJesusChristthroughtheCatholicChurchintheApostles'Creed.PresbyterianWebelievethatJesusChrististheeternalSonofGod,andweshalltrustinHim,alone,forsalvation.WebelievetheBibleistherevelationofGod’struthandisinfallibleandauthoritativeinallmattersoffaithandpractice.WebelievethatallaresinnersandtotallyunabletosavethemselvesfromGod’sdispleasure,exceptbyHismercy.TextAnalysisDetailedAnalysisPartII:Words&ExpressionsWordsPhrasesSentencePatternGrammarwayreversebeconsistentwith…feelsureof…bebroughtupto…Itis…todo…Thesameistrueof……wheninfants(omission)TextAnalysisDetailedAnalysisPartII:Exercise•TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingwordsinthebrackets.–尽管中国有此抱怨,但世界贸易组织称碳关税符合世界贸易规则。(consistent)–DespiteblusterfromBeijing,theWTOsayscarbontariffscanbeconsistentwithworldtraderules.–尽管沃尔玛员