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鲁山二高高一上学期周考试题英语试卷2017-11-29命题：兰艳伟校对：李惠珂一、基础部分：单词短语默写（一个1分，共30分）1、质量、品质、性质（n）________2、态度、看法（n）________3、痊愈、恢复、重新获得（vi\vt）________4、辨认出、承认、公认（v）________5、可信赖的、可靠的（adj）________6、破坏、毁坏、消灭（vt）________7、缺点、不足（n）________8、灾难、灾祸（n）________9、建立、建设（vt）________10、顽固的、固执的（adj）________11、逐渐的、逐步的（adj）________12、埋葬、掩埋、隐藏（vt）________13、事件、大事（n）________14、航行、航海（n）________15、流利的、流畅的（adj）________16、逃脱、逃走、避开（vi\vt）________17、青年、青年时期（n）________18、朝代、王朝（n）________19、贵重的、有价值的（adj）_______20、献身、专心于（vt）________21、事实上________22、失业________23、在午夜________24、信不信由你________25、泄露、赠送、捐赠________26、故意地________27、照常、像往常一样________28、立刻、马上________29、灰心、丧失勇气或信心________30、投降、屈服、让步________二、阅读理解(共两节，每小题2分，满分40分)第一节(30分)ASpendingtwoorthreehoursplayingoutdoorseachdaycanreducethechanceofbecomingshort-sighted,aresearchshows.Itchallengesthebelief(信念)thatshort-sightednessiscausedbycomputeruse,watchingTVorreadinginweaklight.TheAustraliangovernmentresearchersbelievethatthesunlightisgoodforpeople’seyes.Theycompared(比较)thevision(视力)andhabitsof100seven-year-oldchildreninSingaporeandAustralia.Inall,30%oftheSingaporeanchildrenwereshort-sighted，thisrate(比率)wastentimeshigherthanAustralianchildren.Bothgroupsspendasimilaramount(数量)oftimereading,watchingtelevisionandplayingcomputergames.However，theSingaporeanchildrenspentanaverage(平均)ofonlyhalfanhouradayoutdoors—90minuteslessthantheAustralianchildren.ProfessorIanMorgan,fromtheAustralianResearchCouncil’svisionCentre,said,“Humansarenaturallylong-sighted,butwhenpeoplebegintogotoschoolandspendlittleornotimeoutdoors,thenumberofshort-sightedpeoplegetslarger.We’realsoseeingmoreandmoreshort-sightedchildrenincitiesallaroundtheworldandthemainreasonmaybethatcitychildrenspendlesstimeoutdoors.Daylightcanbehundredsoftimesbrighterthanindoorlight.Butwhydoesplayingoutsidepreventusfrombecomingshort-sighted?Scientistsbelievethatnaturallighthasaspecialchemical(化学物质)whichstopstheeyeballfromgrowingoutofshapeandpreventspeoplefrombecomingshort-sighted.Sobeoutdoors.Itdoesn’tmatterifthattimeisspenthavingapicnicorhavingsports.31.HowmuchtimedidtheAustralianchildrenspendoutdoorsonaverageaccordingtotheresearch?A.30minutes.B.60minutes.C.90minutes.D.120minutes.32.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.Ifpeoplespendlesstimeoutdoorstheywillcertainlybecomeshort-sighted.B.Therearefewershort-sightedSingaporeanChildrenthanAustralianchildrenbecausetheyhavemoreknowledgeofprotectingtheireyesight.C.Therewillbefewerrisksofgettingshort-sightedifpeoplespendtwoorthreehoursadayplayingoutside.D.Whenpeoplebegintogotoschooltheywillbecomelong-sighted.33.Whatisthefifthparagraphmainlyabout?A.Whynaturaldaylighthasaspecialchemical.B.Whydaylightpreventspeoplefrombecomingshort-sighted.C.Whydaylightismuchbrighterthanindoorlight.-2-D.Whatthespecialchemicalwhichcanstopeyeballsfromgrowingoutofshapeis.BThewordhorsepowerwasfirstusedtwohundredyearsago.JamesWatthadmadetheworld’sfirstwidelyusedsteamengine.Hehadnowayoftellingpeopleexactlyhowpowerfulitwas,foratthattimetherewerenounitsformeasuringpower.Wattdecidedtofindouthowmuchworkonestronghorsecoulddoinoneminute.Hecalledthatunitonehorsepower.Withthisunithecouldmeasuretheworkhissteamenginecoulddo.Hediscoveredthatahorsecouldlifta3300-poundweight10feetintotheairinoneminute.Hisenginecouldlifta3300-poundweight100feetinoneminute.Becausehisenginedidtentimesasmuchworkasthehorse.Wattcalleditaten-horsepowerengine.34.ThepassagetellsusthatWattmadethefirst____.A.engineB.steamengineC.widelyusedsteamengineD.powerfulengine35.Wattwantedtofindawayto____.AmeasuretheworkhisenginecoulddoBtellpeoplehowpowerfulhisenginecoulddoClifta3300-poundweightDbothAandB36.Onehorsepowerisequaltothe____.AworkahorsecoulddoinaminuteBweightahorsecouldliftCworkahorsecoulddointenminutesDweightofonehorse37.Whichofthefollowingbestgivesthemainideaofthepassage?AHowWattcalledhisengine.BHowthewordHORSEPOWERcameintouse.CHowWattmeasuredhisengine.DHowthemeasurementwasdiscovered.CWhenIwasabout12,Ihadanenemy,agirlwholikedtopointoutmyshortcomings(缺点).Weekbyweekherlistgrew:Iwasverythin,Iwasn’tagoodstudent,Italkedtoomuch,Iwastooproud,andsoon.ItriedtohearallthisaslongasIcould.Atlast,Ibecameveryangry.Irantomyfatherwithtearsinmyeyes.Helistenedtomequietly,thenheasked.“Arethethingsshesaystrueornot?Janet,didn’tyoueverwonderwhatyou’rereallylike?Well,younowhavethatgirl’sopinion.Goandmakealistofeverythingshesaidandmarkthepointsthataretrue.Paynoattentiontotheotherthingsshesaid.”Ididashetoldme.Tomygreatsurprise,Idiscoveredthatabouthalfthethingsweretrue.SomeofthemIcouldn’tchange(likebeingverythin),butagoodnumberIcould—andsuddenlyIwantedtochange.ForthefirsttimeIgotofairlyclearpictureofmyself.IbroughtthelistbacktoDaddy.Herefusedtotakeit.“That’sjustforyou,”hesaid.“Youknowbetterthananyoneelsethetruthaboutyourself.Butyouhavetolearntolisten,notjustcloseyourearsinangerandfeelinghurt.Whensomethingsaidaboutyouistrue,you’llfinditwillbeofhelptoyou.Ourworldisfullofpeoplewhothinktheyknowyourduty.Don’tshutyourears.Listentothemall,buthearthetruthanddowhatyouknowistherightthingtodo.”Daddy’sadvicehasretu