American-Drama美国戏剧课件

AmericanDrama1916:BoundEastforCardiff.ModernAmericandramatistsbegantoattractattention.1920s:arenaissanceofdrama,EugeneO’Neill,ElmerRice,MaxwellAnderson1930s:thedramawaspreoccupiedwithsocialconcerns.EugeneO’Neill,CliffordOdets1940s:TennesseeWilliamdominatedthetheater.TheGlassMenagerieTheearlyfifties:ArthurMiller,WilliamInge,DeathofaSalesmanThelatefifties:atemporarydecline1960s:Americandramapickedupfreshenergy.TheTheateroftheAbsurd.Heavilypolitical.Atendencyto“decentralize”fromBroadway.EdwardAlbee,DavidMamet1970s:realismmadeacomeback.Realisticorevennaturalisticportrayalsoflife,especiallylifeofthelowersocialstrata,areofferedonthestage.Feministtheaterexerteditsinfluence.1980s:experimentaldramaisbackinvogueinsomeplays.Symbolism,fantasy,andthetheaterofabsurdcombinewithrealismandnaturalism.Present:multiracialandmultiethnicplaysonthestageEugeneO’Neill(1888-1953)Borninagoddamhotelroomanddyinginahotelroom!NobelPrizein1936,BeyondtheHorizonFather,JamesO’NeillafamousactorVoyagetoSouthAmericaandSouthAfricaTuberculosis,sanitariumGreenwichVillage,NewYorkMajorPlaysBoundEastforCardiff(1916)BeyondtheHorizon(1920)firstPulitzerAnnaChristie(1921)secondPulitzerTheHairyApe(1922)StrangeInterlude(1928)thirdPulitzerMarcoMillion(1928)LongDay’sJourneyintoNight(1956)fourthPulitzerDesireUndertheElms(1924)EphraimCabot,tall,gaunt,75EbenCabot,asonfromEphraim’ssecondmarriage,tall,good-looking,sinewy,and25yearsoldAbbiePutnam,Ephraims’snewwife,buxom,fullofvitality,and35yearsoldLongDay’sJourneyintoNightElmerRice(1892-1967)TheAddingMachine(1923)Off-stagedevices:soundandlightSusanGlaspell(1882-1948)MotherofAmericanDramaFoundedtheProvincetownPlayersOne-actplay:Trifles《鸡毛蒜皮》CliffordOdets(1906-1963)WaitingforLefty(1935)TennesseeWilliams(1911-1983)TheGlassMenagerie(1945)AStreetcarNamedDesire(1947)PulitzerCatonaHotTinRoof(1955)PulitzerNightoftheIguana(1961)TheMilkTrainDoesNotStopHereAnymore(1963)TheGlassMenagerieTheWingfields:MotherAmanda,Tom,LauraJimO’ConnorEscape,prisonAStreetcarNamedDesireBlancheDuboisNewOrleansStellaandStanleyKowalskiMitchArthurMiller(1915-2005)AllMySons(1947)DeathofASalesman(1947)theTonyAwardandthePulitzerPrizeTheCrucible(1953)AftertheFall(1964)ThePrice(1968)Atypicaltheme:thedilemmaofmodernmaninrelationtohisfamilyandworkDeathofaSalesmanModernclassicoftheAmericantheaterAsadvisionoftheAmericandreamTheLomans:WillyLoman,Linda,Biff,HappyElderbrother:BenLomanTheirneighborandfriend:Charley,BernardThebosses:FrankandHowardWagnerCharacteristicsoftheplayStagesetting:theElizabethankindofstage,theartfulmanipulationoflight,shiftoftimeHouseframe–transparentofthesetting–thepsychologicaldramaofWillyinastream-of-consciousnesstechniqueFlashbacks:BenandtheBostonwomanCharacterizationofWillyWilly’spersonalityisprojectedthroughothercharactersintheplay.Ben–Willy’sloveofnatureandthepioneeringspirit;Willy’srolemodel,hisalteregoandconscience.Linda–Willy’sloveofthecityanditssettledspiritBiff–Willy’slovefornatureHappy--Willy’sdesiretosucceedinthecityOthercharactersTheBostonwoman:Willy’ssenseofguilttowardhissonandwifeCharley:asymboloftheidealsuccessfulAmericanself-employedbusinessmanBernard:apainfulreminderofBiffHoward:thecallousness,theinhumanity,andthebrutalityofthesocialsystemitselfWilliamInge(1913-1973)BusStop:CherieEdwardAlbee(1928-)TheZooStory(1958)Who’sAfraidofVirginiaWoolf?(1961-62,TonyAward)ADelicateBalance(1966,PulitzerPrize)Seascape(1975,PulitzerPrize)ThreeTallWomen(1994,PulitzerPrize)TheTheateroftheAbsurdTheTheateroftheAbsurdcameintovogueinthe1950sand1960sandceasedtobedominantinthe1970s.Itreferstosomeplaythethemeofwhichcentersonthemeaninglessnessoflifewithitspainandsufferingthatseemsfunny,evenridiculous.Intheseworkstheplaywrightstrytoforcetheaudiencetofaceuptothehumanconditionasitis,insteadofpresentingafalsepictureofitandpanderingtothepublicneedforreassurance.TheabsurdityoflifeAlbeehasbeenlinkedwiththetraditionsoftheTheateroftheAbsurd.Hisplaysseemtohavedwelledononeproblemonly,i.e.,theabsurdityofhumanlifebuiltverymuchonafrailillusionandspiritualemptiness.Who’sAfraidofVirginiaWoolf?GeorgeandMartha,ason,21thbirthday,NickandHoneyWhy“VirginiaWoolf”?Marthaiswellreadandhasakindofrespectforlanguage.ShewouldhaveidentifiedherselfVirginiaWoolfwhohadanincredibleamountofverbalwitandcouldhavecommittedsuicideallthesame.“VirginiaWoolf”isusedasahomophonefor“wolf,”repeatingalinefromaballad,“whoisafraidofthebig,badwolf?”Thewolfisametaphorforthehopelessnessthatstretchesbeforethem.FormalcharacteristicsThreeparts:FunandGames,Walpurgisnacht,TheExorcismNormalopening,Gradualbuildinguptowardemotionalcrack-up,Quickdrop-offSamShepard(1943-)Exploretheworldofthesubconsciousandtherepressed.Subjects:incestandviolence;failedfamilyrelationshipsMystifytheWestandcreateakindofcowboymythologyBuriedChildYoungVince,ShelleyGrandpa,Grandma,FatherTheburiedchildLifeisapurposelessrepetitionthroughgeneration.DavidMamet(1947-)AmericanBuffalo:Atwo-actplayDon,theownerofthesmallresalestoreBobby,adrugaddict