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NaturalismStephenCraneJackLondonTheodoreDreiserFrankNorrisEzraPoundcontentsÉmileZolaBornÉmileÉdouardCharlesAntoineZola2April1840Paris,FranceDied29September1902)(aged62)Paris,FranceOccupationNovelist,playwright,journalistNationalityFrenchGenresNaturalismNotablework(s)LesRougon-Macquart,ThérèseRaquinGerminalFEATURESREPRESETIVEWRITERSStephenCranewasbornonNovember1,1871Cranewrotehisfirstknownstory,UncleJakeandtheBellHandle,whenhewas14.in1893,thepublicationofMaggie:AGirloftheStreetsin1894,hewroteTheRedBadgeofCourageHediedonJune5,1900,attheageof28《海上扁舟》《红色英勇勋章》《街头女郎梅季》PlotsummaryThestoryisaboutayoungprivateoftheUnionArmy,HenryFlemingwhofleesfromthefieldofbattle.Overcomewithshame,helongsforawound—aredbadgeofcourage—tocounteracthiscowardice.Whenhisregimentonceagainfacestheenemy,Henryactsasstandard-bearer.Hisstyletechniqueflexible,swift,abruptandnervousclosed,circumstantialand'normal'infeelingandsyntaxSupplemajestyTheodoreDreiser西奥多·德莱塞EarlyLifeLiteratureWorksPoliticalcommitmentlegacyWritingStyle＆＆＆＆＆TheodoreDreiser是一位以探索充满磨难的现实生活著称的美国自然主义作家，他是美国现代小说的先驱和代表作家，被认为是同海明威、福克纳并列的美国现代小说的三巨头之一。•(1871–1945)•TheWheelhouseofAmericanNaturalismEarlyLifecamefromastrictCatholicfamilyHisfather-JohnPaulDreisermother-Sarah1889to1890attendedIndianaUniversityHemarriedSaraWhiteonDecember1898marriedhiscousinHelenRichardsonon13June1944.LiteratureWorks1911姊妹篇JennieGerhardt《珍妮姑娘》1912TheFinancier《金融家》欲望三部曲第一步1914TheTitan《巨人》欲望三部曲第二部1915TheGenius《天才》1925AnAmericanTragedy《美国的悲剧》代表作1946TheBulwark《壁垒》1947TheStoic《斯多噶》欲望三部曲第三部1900SisterCarrie《嘉丽妹妹》IthasbeencalledthegreatestofallAmericanurbannovels.firstbecomingamistresstomenthatsheperceivesassuperiorlaterasafamousactress.anovelaboutayoungcountrygirlwhomovestothebigcitywhereshestartsrealizingherownAmericanDreamSisterCarrie《嘉莉妹妹》《珍妮姑娘》TheTrilogyofDreiser欲望三部曲Financier《金融家》(1912)TheTitan《巨人》(1914)TheStoic《斯多噶》(1947)AnAmericanTragedyTheambitiousbutimmatureClydeGriffiths,raisedisanxioustoachievebetterthings.Followingasensationaltrialbeforeanunsympatheticaudience,anddespiteavigorousdefensemountedbytwolawyershiredbyhisuncle,Clydeisconvicted,sentencedtodeath,andexecuted.bypooranddevoutlyreligiousparentswhoforcehimtoparticipateintheirstreetmissionaryworkeambitiousbutimmatureClydeGriffiths,raisedWritingStylewithoutgoodstructuredeficientcharacterizationlackinimaginationjournalisticmethod新闻法techniquesinpainting234151.enormousinfluenceonthegenerationfollowinghis.2.AlfredKazancharacterizedDreiserasstrongerthanalltheothersofhistime,andmorepoignant;greaterthantheworldhehasdescribed,butassignificantasthepeopleinit.”3.H.L.Mencken,declared“Americanwriting,beforeandafterhistime,differedalmostasmuchasbiologybeforeandafterDarwin”.4.In2008,theLibraryofAmericaselectedDreiser’sarticle“DreiserSeesErrorinEdwardsDefense”forinclusioninitstwo-centuryretrospectiveofAmericanTrueCrimeFrankNorrisLifeWorksPlotofReviewsFrankNorris弗兰克·诺里斯(5,1870–25,1902)AmericannovelistNorrisdiedonOctober25,1902buriedinMountainViewCemeteryinOakland,CaliforniaIn1900FrankNorrismarriedJeanetteBlackborninChicago,Illinois,in1870MoranoftheLadyLettyADealinWheatandOtherStoriesoftheNewandOldWestMcTeagueTheOctopusMcTeagueAnovelbyFrankNorris,firstpublishedin1899.Ittellsthestoryofacouple'scourtshipandmarriagetheirsubsequentdescentintopoverty,violencefinallymurderastheresultofjealousyandavariceMasterpieceAStoryofCaliforniaisa1901novelTheOctopusthefirstpartofanuncompletedtrilogy,TheEpicoftheWheatItdescribesthewheatindustryCaliinforniatheconflictsbetweenwheatgrowersandarailwaycompanyThebookemphasizedthecontrolofforcesItalsocallsACaliforniaStoryJanuary12,1876–November22,1916EarlylifeOnJuly12,1897,London(age21)andhissister'shusbandCaptainShepardsailedtojointheKlondikeGoldRushFirstmarriage(1900–1904)Secondmarriagein1905BessieMaddernLondonanddaughters,JoanandBeckyJackandCharmianLondon(ca.1915)atWaikikiHislifestoryTheoldWineryCottage,whereLondondied(intheleftsleepingporch)onNovember22,1916ManyoldersourcesdescribeLondon’sdeathasasuicide.Thisconjectureseemstobearumor,orspeculationbasedonincidentsinhisfictionwritings.Hisdeathcertificategivesthecauseasuremia,followingacuterenalcolic,atypeofpainoftendescribedas“theworstpain…everexperienced”,commonlycausedbykidneystones.Uremiaisalsoknownasuremicpoisoning.Ayoungproletarianautodidactstrugglingtobecomeawriter.ItwasfirstserializedinPacificMonthlymagazinefromSept.1908toSept.1909andpublishedinbookformbyMacmillaninSept.1909.MaincharactersMartinEdenRuthMorseLizzieConnollyJoeDawsonRussBrissendenMajorthemesSocialclassMachineryIndividualismversussocialismMartinEden※JackLondonLake,amountainlakelocatedintheupperreachesoftheKolymaRiverinYagodninskydistrictofMagadanOblast.Legacyandhonors※HewashonoredbytheUnitedStatesPostalServicewitha25¢GreatAmericansseriespostagestamp.※JackLondonSquareonthewaterfrontofOakland,Californiawasnamedforhim.JackLondonLake《弧线》顾城鸟儿在疾风中迅速转向少年在捡拾一枚分币葡萄藤因幻想而延伸的触丝海浪因退缩而耸起的背脊Pleasetalkwithyourpartneraboutthepoemandpayattentiontothesepurplewordswhattheystandfor.Imagism1.BackgroundImagismwasinfluencedAncientChinesepoetry