工程造价与管理论文英文文献中英对照

英文文献EngineeringcostmanagementProjectcostcontrolemphasisshouldbetransferredtotheprojectconstructionearlydays,istransferredtotheprojectdecisionanddesignstage.Projectcostcontrolinconstructionprojectsthroughouttheentireprocess,thekeyliesinthepreconstructioninvestmentdecision-makingwithdesignphase,whereasintheinvestmentdecisionismade,thekeyliesindesigning.Accordingtoexpertanalysis:architecturaldesign,inthepreliminarydesignstage,designstage,constructiondesignstagetotheengineeringeffectwere75%~95%,35%~75%,5%~35%;whileintheconstructionphase,throughtheoptimizationofconstructionorganizationdesign,constructioncostsavingthepossibilityofonly5%to10%.Weshouldputthefocusshiftedtothedesignstage,inordertogettwicetheresultwithhalftheeffort.Payattentiontothetechnicalandeconomicoptimizationcombination.Thecombinationoftechnologywitheconomyismosteffectivewaytocontrolengineeringcost.Chinaengineeringfieldsforalongtimedidnotdothis.Thelackoftechnicalpersonneleconomyidea,designthoughtisconservative,thedesignoftheoutcomeoftheeconomyarenotfullyreflect.Therefore,weshouldsolvetheproblemistoimproveeconomicefficiencyasthegoal,intheconstructionprocess,organization,technologyandeconomyorganicgroundunionrises.Throughtheeconomicanalysis,comparativestudyandeffectevaluation,correctprocessingofadvancedtechnologyandreasonableineconomybetweentherelationofunityofopposites,strivetoadvancedtechnologyundertheconditionsofeconomicrational,reasonableineconomybasedonadvancedtechnology.Carryoutlimitationisdesignedmethod.Tobeconsciouslyputtheapplicationofvalueengineeringtothespecificdesign,activelypromotequotadesigninengineeringdesigncontract,bywayofbidding.Thishasbeenproveninpracticeisaneffectiveway,itisnotonlyaneconomicproblem,morepreciselyatechnicalandeconomicproblems.Thislimitationisdesignedtoeffectivelycontroltheprojectcost.Inordertomakethelimitationisdesignedtoachievethedesiredobjectives,shouldbeinvolvedinthedesignpersonnelmustbeexperiencedskilledeconomicdesigner.Theirdesignresultsmustbepractical,advancedandreasonablecost.Controlofengineeringcostontheotherhandistheneedforcomparison,becausetheoutcomeisaprocessofgradualimprovement,andnottodecide,sothecomparisonisameasureofitspractical,advancedandeconomicalmeans.Dogoodprojectcostcontrolintheprocess.(1)compilationofeconomicandfeasibleconstructionscheme.Beforeconstruction,constructionenterprisesshouldbecombinedwiththeconstructiondrawingsandtheactualsituationatthescene,theirmechanicalequipment,constructionexperience,themanagementlevelandtechnicalspecificationacceptancecriteria,asetofpracticalandfeasibleconstructionscheme.Theconstructionschemeisengineeringimplementationoftheprogrammeofaction.(2)totechnicalpersonnel,materials,machineryandpersonnelstaffcommunicationandcoordination.Intheprocessofconstruction,constructiontechnology,materialsandmechanicalpersonnelshouldcooperateclosely,understandeachother,tomanagementasthecore,toreducecostsforthepurposeof.(3)totheprojectcompletionsettlement.Strictsupervisionsystem.Controlprojectcosteffectively,intheearlyphaseoftheprojectshallbesubjecttosupervision(includingcostmanagement)system.Throughanalyzingthedesignprocessofsupervision,makethedesignmorereasonable,costcontroltolimitthescopeof,accomplishtrulywiththesmallestinvestmentmaximizeoutput.Strictsupervisionsystem.Controlprojectcosteffectively,intheearlyphaseoftheprojectshallbesubjecttosupervision(includingcostmanagement)system.Throughanalyzingthedesignprocessofsupervision,makethedesignmorereasonable,costcontroltolimitthescopeof,accomplishtrulywiththesmallestinvestmentmaximizeoutput.Toestablishandperfecttheindependentprojectcostadvisorybody,cultivateaZhiDehavebothengineeringteam.Toestablisharealsenseofindependentengineeringcostconsultingagencies.Throughimprovingthelawsandregulations,normativebehavior,separategovernmentfunctionsfromenterprisemanagement,theestablishmentofindependentbusinesspartnership,share-holdingsystem,thelimitedresponsibilitysystemandotherformsoforganization,anindustry-based,diversifiedservicesintegratedprojectconsultingcompany,buildanddevelopmentandreformtheengineeringcostintermediaryserviceinstitutions,makeconstructionprojectmanagementofagradualtransitionbyanindependentspecializedagencyinchargeofprojectcostwholeprocesstrackingmanagement,trulybetweenownerandcontractorplaysanintermediaryrole.Tostrengthenengineeringcostconsultingindustryassociationconstruction,establishprojectcostconsultingindustryself-disciplinemechanism,andconstantlyimprovetheEngineeringCostAssociationinengineeringcostconsultingindustrystatus,tobetrulyrepresentativeoftheinterestsofthemajorityoftheindustrypractitioners,governmentandenterprisestobecomeconnectionlinkandthebridge.Atthesametimetostrengthentheprojectcostspecialtyinhighereducationandinserviceeducation.Asaresultofprojectcostmanagementinconstructionprojectsandvariouseconomicinterestsarecloselyrelated,andthewholesocialeconomicactivitiesplayaveryimportantrole,itrequiresthecostengineeringtechnicalpersonnelshouldhavedifferentlevelsofknowledge,inadditiontotheirprofessionalknowledgeand