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现在完成时构成:have/has+done1.表示动作发生在过去，并且一直持续到现在。例如：Hehasworkedinacarfactorysincegraduation.Wehavebeengoodfriendssincemiddleschool.Howmanylettershaveyoureceivedthisweek?HehasmadeseveraltripstoParisthisyear.2.表示过去一件事对现在造成的结果或影响。例如：I’velostmykey.我的钥匙丢了。（因此无法进屋）Shehasgonetotown.她进城了。（现在在城里）I’vewashedmycar.我洗过车了。（因此车干净）现在完成时常用的时间状语有：already,since,sofar,uptonow,recently,lately,inthepast…days/months/years等。1.Whenyouarehome,giveacalltoletmeknowyou_________safe.A.arearrivingB.havearrivedC.hadarrivedD.willarrive2.Uptonow,theprogram________thousandsofchildrenwhowouldotherwisehavedied.A.wouldsaveB.savesC.hadsavedD.hassaved3.Mybrother_______thearmyforfiveyears.Hedevotesmostofhissparetimetoteachinghimselfadvancedphysics.A.hasjoinedB.joinedC.hasbeeninD.hadbeenin4.——Whydon’tyougohome?——Becausealotofwork________yet.A.hasn’tfinishedB.hasn’tbeenfinishedC.hasbeenfinishedD.haven’tfinished5.Myuncle______inShanghaiforthepasttwoyears.A.islivingB.livesC.haslivedD.lived6.——Whenshallwestartourbusiness?——Notuntilwe________ourplan.A.willfinishB.arefinishingC.aretofinishD.havefinished7.——Whydoesthelakesmellterrible?——Becauselargequantitiesofwater__________.A.havepollutedB.isbeingpollutedC.hasbeenpollutedD.havebeenpolluted8.——Mycar__________twicethismonth.——I’msorrytohearthat.A.hasbeenbrokeninB.wasbrokeninC.hasbeenbrokeninD.wasbrokenin9.——Willyoucometomyofficewhenyou_________yourwork?——Sure.A.finishedB.arefinishingC.havefinishedD.willfinish10.——DoyouknowLydiaverywell?——Yes，SheandI__________friendssincewewereveryyoung.A.havemadeB.havebecomeC.havebeenD.haveturned11.It’stenyears_______Ilastsawher.A.afterB.sinceC.forD.that过去完成时构成:had+done表示过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，即过去的过去。1.Theyounggirlsittingnexttomeontheplanewasverynervous.She_________before.A.hasn’tflownB.didn’tflyC.hadn’tflownD.wasn’tflying2.WhenJackarrived,helearnedMary_________foralmostanhour.A.hadgoneB.hadsetoffC.hadleftD.hadbeenaway.3.IttookmealongtimebeforeIwasabletofullyappreciatewhatthey_________forme.A.haddoneB.didC.woulddoD.weredoing4.——Wereyousurprisedbytheendingofthefilm?——No.I_________thebook,soIalreadyknewthestory.A.wasreadingB.hadreadC.amreadingD.haveread.5.Iwasjustgoingtocutmyrosebushesbutsomeone_________it.Wasityou?A.hasdoneB.haddoneC.woulddoD.willdo6.He_______morethan5,000Englishwordswhenheenteredtheuniversityattheageof15.A.haslearnedB.wouldhavelearnedC.learnedD.hadlearned7.——DidAlanenjoyseeinghisoldfriendsyesterday?——Yes,hedid.He_________hisoldfriendsforalongtime.A.didn’tseeB.wouldn’tseeC.hasn’tseenD.hadn’tseen8.——Peter,wheredidyouguysgoforthesummervacation?——We_________busywithourworkformonths,sowewenttothebeachtorelaxourselves.A.wereB.havebeenC.hadbeenD.willbe9.——I_______tocometohelpyou.——Butyoudidn’tcome.A.havemeantB.hadmeantC.meantD.willmean10.Davidhaslosthislibrarycardagain.Itwasthesecondtimehe_________it.A.lostB.hadlostC.losesD.haslost11.John,afriendofmine,whogotmarriedonlylastweek,spent3,000dollarsmorethanhe_________forthewedding.A.willplanB.hasplannedC.wouldplanD.hadplanned