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2019-2020年高中英语语法复习讲义+训练独立主格独立主格(一)独立主格结构的构成：名词(代词)+现在分词、过去分词;名词(代词)+形容词;名词(代词)+副词;名词(代词)+不定式;名词(代词)+介词短语构成。(二)独立主格结构的特点：1)独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。2)名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定式，介词等是主谓关系。3)独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。举例：Thetestfinished,webeganourholiday.=Whenthetestwasfinished,webeganourholiday.考试结束了，我们开始放假。Thepresidentassassinated,thewholecountrywasindeepsorrow.=Afterthepresidentwasassassinated,thewholecountrywasindeepsorrow.总统被谋杀了，举国上下沉浸在悲哀之中。Weatherpermitting,wearegoingtovisityoutomorrow.如果天气允许，我们明天去看你。Thisdone,wewenthome.工作完成后，我们才回家。Themeetinggoneover,everyonetiredtogohomeearlier.会议结束后，每个人都想早点回家。Hecameintotheroom,hisearsredwithcold.他回到了房子里，耳朵冻坏了。Hecameoutofthelibrary,alargebookunderhisarm.他夹着本厚书，走出了图书馆With的复合结构表伴随时，既可用分词的独立结构，也可用with的复合结构。with+名词(代词)+现在分词/过去分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语举例:Hestoodthere,hishandraised.=Hestoodthere,withhishandraise.典型例题Themurderwasbroughtin,withhishands___behindhisback。A.beingtiedB.havingtiedC.tobetiedD.tied答案D.with+名词(代词)+分词+介词短语结构。当分词表示伴随状况时，其主语常常用with来引导。由于本句中名词手与分词绑是被动关系，因此用过去分词，选D.注意:1)独立主格结构使用介词的问题：当介词是in时，其前后的两个名词均不加任何成分(如物主代词或冠词)，也不用复数。但with的复合结构不受此限制Arobberburstintotheroom,knifeinhand.(hand前不能加his)。2)当表人体部位的词做逻辑主语时，及物动词用现在分词，不及物动词用过去分词。Helaythere,histeethset,hishandclenched,hiseyeslookingstraightup.典型例题：Weather___,we'llgooutforawalk.ApermittedBpermittingCpermitsDforpermitting答案B.本题中没有连词，它不是复合句，也不是并列句。句中使用了逗号，且we小写，可知其不是两个简单句。能够这样使用的只有独立主格或with的复合结构。据此判断，本句中使用的是独立结构，其结构为：名词+分词。由于permit在这里翻译为'天气允许'，表主动，应用现在分词，故选B。如果不会判断独立结构作状语的形式，不妨将句子改为条件句，例如本句改为Ifweatherpermits,we'llgooutforawalk.然后将if去掉，再将谓语动词改为非谓语动词即可2019-2020年高中英语课堂15分钟达标练Module1LifeintheFuturePeriod3Grammar外研版必修4Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空1.FromtomorrowtoJune17,he__________(travel)alongtheYangtzeRiver.2.Canyouimaginewhatkindofcarwe__________(drive)in2020?3.We__________(climb)YueluMountainatteno’clocktomorrowmorning.4.I__________(take)anexamat2:30tomorrowafternoon,soIcan’tgoskatingwithyou.5.Ihopehe__________(find)agoodjoboneday.6.Thatbus__________(leave)in10minutes.7.Ithinkthekids__________(do)theirhomeworkwhenwegethome.8.They__________(watch)footballmatchat7o’clocktomorrowevening.答案:1.willbetravelling2.willbedriving3.willbeclimbing4.willbetaking5.willfind6.isleaving7.willbedoing8.willbewatchingⅡ.完成句子1.下午五点至六点之间不要给我打电话,那时我们在吃饭。Don’tphonemebetween5:00p.m.and6:00p.m.We________________dinnerthen.2.克雷格教授明晚作关于伊特鲁里亚陶器的演讲。ProfessorCraig__________________alectureonEtruscanpotterytomorrowevening.3.我今晚将在办公室里待到很晚。I__________________lateintheofficethisevening.4.明天这个时候你会在做什么呢?What__________you____________thistimetomorrow?5.今天下午我没空,我要为一个朋友送行。Iwon’tbefreethisafternoon.I__________________afriendoff.6.下个月我会去看你。I__________________younextmonth.答案:1.willbehaving2.willbegiving3.willbestaying4.will;bedoing5.willbeseeing6.willbevisitingⅢ.语法填空阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。Manyyearsago,NormanCousinswasdiagnosedas“1(dead)ill”.Hewasgivensixmonths2(live).Hischanceforrecoverywas1in500.Hecouldseetheworry,depressionandangerinhislifecontributed3,andperhapshelpedcause,hisdisease.Hewondered,“Ifillnesscan4(cause)bynegativity(消极情绪),canwellnessbecreatedbypositivity?”Hedecidedtomake5experimentofhimself.Laughterwasoneofthemostpositive6(activity)heknew.Herentedallthefunnymovieshecouldfind—Keaton,Chaplin,Fields,theMarxBrothers.Hereadfunnystories.Heaskedhisfriendstocallhim7theysaid,heardordidsomethingfunny.Hispainwassogreatthathecouldnotsleep.8(laugh)for10solidminutes,hefound,relievedthepainforseveralhourssohecouldsleep.Hefullyrecoveredfromhisillnessandlived920happy,healthyandproductiveyears.Heowedhisrecoverytoimagination,theloveofhisfamilyandfriends,andlaughter.Heoncesaid:“I10(live)thesamehappylifein50years.”答案:1.deadly2.tolive3.to4.becaused5.an6.activities7.whenever/when8.Laughing9.another10.willbelivingBDebbieHartisgoingtoswimacrosstheEnglishChanneltomorrow.She1(go)tosetoutfromtheFrenchcoastatfiveo’clockinthemorning.Debbieisonlyeleven2(year)oldandshehopestosetup3newworldrecord.Sheisastrongswimmerandmanypeoplefeelthatsheissuretosucceed.Debbie’sfather4(set)outwithherinasmallboat.MrHart5(train)hisdaughterforyears.Tomorrowhe6(watch)heranxiouslyassheswimsthelongdistancetoEngland.Debbieintendstotakeshortrestseverytwohours.Shewillhavesomethingtodrink7shewillnoteatanysolidfood.MostofDebbie’sschoolfriends8(wait)forherontheEnglishcoast.AmongthemwillbeDebbie’smother,who9(swim)theChannelherselfwhenshewasagirl.ManypeoplebelieveDebbiewill10(real)createawonder.答案:1.isgoing2.years3.a4.willset5.hastrained6.willbewatching7.but8.willbewaiting9.swam10.really