大学英语写作技巧与训练(图表作文之饼状图和表格s)

ApproachPieChartPractice一．数据类图表1.1Piechart(圆形图/饼状图/圆面分割图)它是比较形象和直观的一种图形，此图形反映的是整体与部分的关系，整个圆表示总量，楔形块表示分量。有时圆形图还有数值表，两者结合可把各分量表示得更准确、清楚。通常以百分数的形式表现出来，所以描写重点是图中的比例构成和最具特点的扇面。描写的时候注意最大或最小的扇面，对于各扇面数据的描写最好以从大到小的顺序来进行。ThisisapiechartoftheaverageweeklyexpenditureofafamilyinGreatBritain.Ascanbeseefromthechart,themainexpenditureofanaverageBritishfamilyisspentonfood,whichaccountsfor25%ofitstotalexpenditure.Thenexttwosignificantexpendingitemsaretransportandhousing,whichare15%and12%respectively.Ifwetakeintoaccountclothingandfootwear,whichmakesup10%,thefouressentialsoflife,thatis,food,transport,housing,andclothingandfootwear,amountto62%ofthetotalexpenditure.1.1.1饼状图的写作思路1.审题分析三步法：Step1：观察共有几张饼图，以及它们之间的关系是什么(一般说来，雅思图表题中极少见到单饼图)；Step2：观察每张饼图中有哪几个区域，以及各个区域分别代表什么；Step3：观察单个饼图中各区域间的百分比差异，以及相同区域在各个饼图间的百分比的比较或发展。2.选词和万能句在饼图中，表示百分比的句子是必不可少的。一般表示百分比有两种比较容易掌握的句型。1）占据…be/form/comprise/makeup/constitute/cover/represent/accountfor/amountto……besharedby…2）百分数Proportion/rate/percentage3）比例，倍数aquarterof…halfof…amajorityof…AhassomethingincommonwithBAsharessomesimilaritywithBThedifferencebetweenAandBliesin…Double(2倍),triple(3倍),quadruple(4倍),(v,n,adj.)…betwiceas+adj.+as…..…morethan____timesas+adj.+as…..fourfold(adv.,adj.)=fourtimesasmuchas4）描述Itisclearthatthemost(adj.)____isA,whichaccountsfor__%ofall____.Bisthenextlargest(adj.)____,__%lowerthanAofall____andfollowedcloselybyC.Theabovethreeitemsof____takeupabout__%ofthe__%Bycontrast,D,EandFmakeupthesmallestpercentageoftotal____,whichare__%,__%and__%,respectively.Theregionscanbedividedintotwogroups:onewhere…andtheotherwherethereverseisthecase.1.1.2ModelAnalysis(1)：p59Studythefollowingdataonloveandmarriagebasedonasurveywithgirlstudents.Writeapassageonthetopic“Whatdogirlstudentslookforinloveandlife?”1.1.2ModelAnalysis：p59Studythefollowingdataonloveandmarriagebasedonasurveywithgirlstudents.Writeapassageonthetopic“Whatdogirlstudentslookforinloveandlife?”commoninterestandgoalsEconomicstatusAppearanceAblilitiesPersonality17%11%14%27%31%Whatdoyoulookforfirstinaboyfriend?CareerMoneyOtherMarriage^Family19.7%9.1%3%68.2%What’sthemostimportantforahappylife?WhatDoGirlStudentsLookforinLoveandLife?Inordertoknowaboutgirlstudents’opinionaboutloveandlife,asurveywithgirlstudentswasconductedin2005intwouniversities—ChongqingUniversityofTechnologyandBusinessandEastChinaNormalUniversity.Thesurveysoughtanswerstotwoquestions:Whatdoyoulookforfirstinaboyfriend?What’sthemostimportantthingforahappylife?Aboutonethirdofthestudentschosepersonalityasthetopfactorinchoosingaboyfriend,followedby27percentfocusingonabilities.Nextcamecommoninterestsandgoals,favoredby17percent,withonly14percentofstudentsclaimingappearancetobeuppermostintheirminds.Fewerstill,11percent,ratedeconomicstatusasthefirstconsideration.Astotheirviewsaboutahappylife,nearly70percentofthegirlsattachedthegreatestimportancetomarriageandfamily.“Career”wasgiventopprioritybyjustunder20percent,whileevenfewer,around9percent,believedthatmoneywasthekeytoahappylife.Basedonthesurvey,wemayconcludethatnowadays,girlstudentsgenerallyholdarationalattitudetowardsloveandlife.Admittedly,theimprovedmaterialconditionsoflifeexplainwhygirlstakeeconomicstatusandmoneyratherlightly.Butcontrarytothepopularviewthatgirlsaremoreconcernedaboutself-developmentintheworkplaceandsocialstatus,theystillregarduponmarriageandfamilylifeascentraltoahappylife.Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessay.StudythefollowingdataonreasonswhypeopleleavetheUKandreasonswhypeoplestayintheUK.?Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan200words1.1.3295978(piegraph1)：2013年1月5日雅思1.1.3295978(piegraph1)：2013年1月5日雅思ApproachTablePractice1.4表格(Table)表格常由标题（Title）、表头（Box-head）（表格的第一行）、侧目（Stub）（表格左边的第一列）和主体（Body）部分（表格的其余部分）等部分组成。表格中的各项均按一定规律排列。阅读表格时要注意找出表格中各个项目的相互关系，表格中各个项目的变化规律。表格中的数字较多，但是数字间的规律性却很强，所以可以通过归纳和突出典型数据的思路来分析。把变化趋势或特征相似的几项归为一类，这样就使复杂的数据简单化。至于典型的数据，可以通过横向和纵向两个方面进行比较来获得，同时留意最大或最小的数据。例如，下面的表格中的数字说明:STUDENTENROLLMENTBYLEVELINCHINA(←Title)↓Stub（侧目）Schools19781983←Box-head（表头）Primaryschools（小学）146.24m135.78mRegularsecondaryschools（中学）65.48m43.98m←Body（主体）Specializedsecondaryschools（中专）0.89m1.14mInstitutionsofhigherlearning（大学）0.86m1.12m和1978年相比，1983年大学入学的人数在增加，而小学的入学人数在减少。19802000绝对值相对值绝对值相对值Australiacoal5050%13076%oil1010%21%Naturalgas2020%21%Hydropower2020%3621%Francecoal2528%2514%oil2022%2514Naturalgas2528%21%Hydropower56%21%Nuclearpower1517%12670%1.4.1ModelAnalysis(1):1991年6月CET-4作文真题Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositionofnolessthan100wordsonChangesinPeople'sDiet.Studythefollowingtablecarefullyandyourcompositionmustbebasedontheinformationgiveninthetable.Writethreeparagraphsto:1.statethechangesinpeople'sdietinthepastfiveyears;2.givepossiblereasonsforthechanges.3.drawyourownconclusions.4.youshouldquoteasfewfiguresaspossible.FoodYear19861987198819891990Grain49%47%46.5%45%45%Milk10%11%11%12%13%Meat17%20%22.5%23%21%FruitandVegetables24%22%20%20%21%Total100%100%100%100%100%Fromthechartwecanseethatduringthepastfiveyearstherehavebeen