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Chapter3NarrativenessandLyricalness--TwoDifferentTraditionsOfChinesePoetryandWesternPoetryReviewFootandMeterShallIcomparetheetoasummer'sday?Thouartmorelovelyandmoretermperate:Tyger!Tyger!burningbrightIntheforestsofthenight.ThusIPassbyAnddieAsoneUnknownAndgone:I’ammadeAsshadeAndlaidI’thgraveTherehaveMycaveWheretellIdwellfarewellRimeRoundtherocksrunstheriver.Spring,thesweetspring,istheyear’spleasantking,Thenbloomseachthing,thenmaidsdanceinaring.Colddothnotsting,theprettybirdsdosing.Laurelisgreenforaseason,andloveissweetforaday.Butlovegrowsbitterwithtreason,andlaureloutlivesnotmay.WhyshouldIhavereturned?Myknowledgewouldnotfitintotheirs.Ifounduntouchedthedesertoftheunknown.ThevoicebyThomasHardyWomanmuchmissed,howyoucalltome,calltome,SayingthatnowyouarenotasyouwereWhenyouhadchangedfromtheonewhowasalltome,Butasatfirst,whenourdaywasfair.CanitbeyouthatIhear?Letmeviewyou,then,StandingaswhenIdrewneartothetownWhereyouwouldwaitforme:yes,asIknewyouthen,Eventotheoriginalair-bluegown!Orisitonlythebreeze,initslistlessnessTravelingacrossthewetmeadtomehere,Youbeingeverdissolvedtowanwistlessness,Heardnomoreagainfarornear?ThusI;falteringforward,Leavesaroundmefalling,Windoozingthinthroughthethornfromnorward,Andthewomancalling.1.AcomparisonfromthehistoryofpoetryChinesehistoricallylyricaltraditionEnglishhistoricallynarrativetraditionChinesehistoricallylyricaltraditionTheChinesepoetrycanbedatedformtheBookofSongs,whichisoneofsixclassicsoftheConfucianschoolandthefountainheadofChineseliterature,andwhichistheanthologyoflyricalsongs.Thiscorpusofearliestpiecesinitiatesalyricaltraditionwhichhasbeenpassedononedynastyafteranother.1.TheSongsoftheSouth–anoutletofQuYuan’frustratedambition,grief,andhatred.2.BalladsandFolksongsoftheHanandSixDynastiesarealllyrics3.BoththeTangPoetryandSongLyricsarelyrical4.TheYuanDramaticVersesaremostlylyrical5.TheTunesofYuanarealllyricalConclusion:ChinesehistoricallylyricaltraditionEnglishhistoricallynarrativetraditionThewesternpoetryoriginatesfromthecreatingofepics.IliadandOdyssey,composedbyHomer,1000B.C.turnouttobethepioneersofthewesternpoetryandthusestablishthewesternepicconvention.1.poeticsbyAristotlefocusesonlyonepicsanddrama2.TheearliestandmostinfluentialpoemofEnglish--Beowulf3.JohnMilton’sParadiseLost,paradiseregained,SamsonAgonists–thethreeepicmasterpieces4.ChildeHaroldandDonJuan—Byron’sepicpoetry5.Shelley’sPrometheusUnboundisalsoepicConclusion:Englishhistoricallynarrativetradition2.AcomparisonfromthefunctionofpoetryTheChinesepoetryisemployedtosingwhatisinheartandtheEnglishpoetryiscreatedtoeulogizetheheroes诗者，志之所之，在心为志，发言为声。《诗大序》Thepoemisthattowhichwhatisintentlyonthemind(志)goes.Inthemind(心),itI“beingintent”(志)；comingoutinlanguage(言)，itisapoem.诗者，吟咏情性也。严羽《沧浪诗话》Poetryis“tosingwhatisintheheart”.诗可以兴，可以观，可以群，可以怨Poetrycanservetoinspireemotion,tohelpyourobservation,tomakeyoufitforcompany,toexpressyourgrievances.Poetryingeneralseemstohavesprungfromtwocauses:theinstinctofimitation,thepleasurefeltinthingsimitated--AristotlePoetryismaking.Imitation,isnottheendofpoetrybutisintermediatetotheend.Theendisthegivingofinstructioninpleasurableform.--JuliusCaesarScaligerPoetryistheartofunitingpleasurewithtruthbycallingimaginationtothehelpofreason--Dr.Johnson3.AcomparisonfromphilosophicaltraditionTheChinesephilosophymainlyadvocatesthebenevolenceandnon-activityandopposetotheuseofwarfare;thereforetheheroesseldomfindtheirpartsinChinesepoetryThewesternersarerootedinthespiritofduelandenterprise;hencethewinnersarehighlysungintheirpoetry.TheideologyofBenevolenceandthephilosophyoftheMeanwhichadvocatethelovefortheothersandselectingthemiddlecertainlyabandontheresorttoforceandwarfareTheBookofLaozi,knownalsoasDaoDeJing,whichisanimportantclassicofDaoism,andwhichlaysemphasisonnon-activityandman’stotalabidingbythelawsofnatureandfanciesthathumansocietywouldreturntotheprimitivestateof“smallcountrywithsmallpopulation”deniestheenterprisingandheroicspiritbutcallfor“inactivity”,lettingthingstaketheirowncourse.BoththeConfucianismandTaoism,objecttoheroicdeedsandmilitaryaffairs,letalonetheBuddhismwhichprevailsforatime.ReadingtheEpicsandtheLyricsRobinHoodandAllinaDaleComelistentome,yougallantssofree,Allyouthatlovemirthfortohear,AndIwilltellofaboldoutlaw,ThatlivedinNottinghamshire.AsRobinHoodintheforeststood,Allunderthegreen-woodtree,Therewashewareofabraveyoungman,Asfineasfinemightbe.gallants豪侠。mirth欢乐；欢笑outlaw歹徒；惯犯Theyoungsterwasclothedinscarletred,Inscarletfineandgay,Andhedidfriskitovertheplain,Andchantedaroundelay.AsRobinHoodnextmorningstood,Amongsttheleavessogay,Theredidheespythesameyoungman,Comedroopingalongtheway.roundelay反复重唱的民歌，回旋曲。espy看出；发现Thescarletheworethedaybefore,Itwascleancastaway;Andeverystephefetchedasigh,Alackandawelladay!ThensteppedforthbraveLittleJohn,AndMidgethemillersson,Whichmadetheyoungmanbendhisbow,Whenashesawthemcome.Standoff,standoff,theyoungmansaid,Whatisyourwillwithme?Youmustcomebeforeourmasterstraight,Underyongreen-woodtree.AndwhenhecameboldRobinbefore,Robinaskedhimcourteously,OhastthouanymoneytospareFormymerrymenandme