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I基于单片机的汽车智能照明系统的设计摘要随着科学技术的发展，人们对汽车行驶安全性的要求越来越高。照明系统是汽车主动安全重要组成部分之一，然而灯光光型单一且只能手动控制的传统照明系统存在的巨大的交通安全隐患已经无法跟上当前汽车安全性发展的趋势。因此如何让汽车传统照明系统更加智能化、消除存在的安全隐患，成为一个具有重大现实意义的课。本课题所研究的汽车自适应照明控制系统能够自动为车辆提供所处环境位置需要的灯光光型，为驾驶员提供良好的照明范围，减轻驾驶员的工作压力，减少交通事故，同时本系统与手动控制并联，不妨碍驾驶员对车灯的手动控制。本系统主要有弯道照明前照灯自动开闭、会车时灯光自动切换以及前照灯延时关闭功能，可为驾驶员在不同的行驶环境下提供良好的照明，是汽车智能化照明的一个更加全面完善的设计方案。在现有的对汽车照明系统的控制技术的基础上，本课题提出了一种以弯道随动转弯车灯调整为基本功能的汽车智能照明系统控制方案。与以往的技术相比，本课题引入总线技术，使系统更符合汽车技术未来发展的方向。而且本方案是基于AT89C51单片机开发的低成本、低功耗系统，性价比更为出色。本文首先对汽车自适应照明系统的产生环境、国内外的发展现状和发展趋势做了简单的介绍，给出了系统的总体设计方案以及实现功能，并在此基础上详细阐述了系统工作的理论计算基础，然后根据系统的需求，在硬件部分，对微控制器和各实现功能的传感器进行了选择，并给出了执行器部分的设计方案，包括步进电机的选型以及步进电机驱动芯片的选择，同时在详细介绍了总线功能及原理的基础上设计总线接口的硬件电路，包括总线控制器的选型、总线收发器的选择等在软件部分，给出了系统各功能模块的设计流程图和实现算法，并在编译环境中完成各功能模块的源代码编写。在论文的最后，对现阶段进行的研究工作进行了总结，并提出了许多尚待解决的问题，为今后系统的进一步完善提供了参考意见。关键词:智能照明；单片机；信号采集设计IIAbstractWiththedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,peopleincreasinglyhighdemandsondrivingsafety.Oneofthelightingsystemisanimportantcomponentofvehicleactivesafety,howeverlight-lightsingleandcanonlybemanuallycontrolledtraditionallightingsystem,thereisahugehiddentroubleofsafetyhasbeenunabletokeepupwiththecurrentdevelopmenttrendofautomobilesafety.Sohowtomakecarsoftraditionallightingsystemmoreintelligently,toeliminatesecurityrisks,asoneofgreatpracticalsignificance.ThisstudyontheissueofvehicleAdaptivelightingcontrolsystemisabletoautomaticallyprovidetheenvironmentforthevehiclelocationneedtobelight-light,foradrivertoprovidegoodilluminationrange,alleviatetheworkpressureondriverstoreducetrafficaccidents,atthesametimethissystemwithmanualcontrolinparallel,withoutprejudicetothedriver'smanualcontrolofthelights.Thissystemmainlyhasthecurvetoilluminatetheheadlampautomaticmakeandbreak,passesintrafficwhenthelightautomaticcutoveraswellastheheadlamptimedelayclosurefunction,mayprovidethegoodilluminationforthepilotunderthedifferenttravelenvironment,isanautomobileintellectualizationilluminationmorecomprehensiveconsummationdesignproposal.Inexistingtoautomobilelightingsystemcontroltechnologyfoundationin,thistopicproposedonekindtakethecurvefollow-upcurveheadlightadjustmentasthebasicfunctionautomobileintelligencelightingsystemcontrolplan.Comparedwiththeprevioustechnology,thesubjectoftheintroductionofbustechnologytomakethesystemmoreinlinewiththedirectionoffuturedevelopmentofautomotivetechnology.TheprogramisbasedontheAT89C51MCUdevelopmentoflow-cost,low-powersystem,thecostisevenbetterThisarticlefirsttotheautomobileauto-adaptedlightingsystemproductionenvironment,thedomesticandforeigndevelopmentpresentsituationandthetrendofdevelopmenthasmadethesimpleintroduction,hasgiventhesystemoverallprojectdesignaswellastherealizationfunction,andindetailelaboratedthesystemworktheoreticalcalculationfoundationinthisfoundation,Thenthebasissystemdemand,inthehardwarepart,hascarriedonthechoicetothemicrocontrollerandeachrealizationfunctionsensor,andhasgiventheactuatorpartdesignproposal,includingstep-by-stepstheelectricalmachineryshapingaswellasstep-by-stepsthemotor-drivenchipchoice,simultaneouslywasintroducingindetailthemainlinefunctionandintheprinciplefoundationdesignsthebusinterfacethehardwareelectriccircuit,includingthebuscontrolunitshaping,themainlinetransceiverchoiceandsooninthesoftwarepart,hasgiventhesystemvariousfunctionsmoduledesignflowchartandrealizesthealgorithm,andcompletesvariousfunctionsmoduleinthetranslationenvironmentthesourcecodecompilation.Inpaperfinal,carriedontheresearchworktothepresentstagetocarryonthesummary,andproposedmanyShangDaisolvedthequestion,hasprovidedtheadvisoryopinionforthenextsystemfurtherconsummation.Keywords:singlechip；intelligentlighting；DesignofsignalcollectionIII目录摘要……………………………………………………………………………......IAbstract………………………………………………………………………......II1绪论…………………………………………………………………..…..11.1课题背景与意义……………………………………………………………...11.2国内外发展状况及发展趋势……………………………………………...…21.3本课题的研究意义与目的………………………………………………...…31.4课题内容………………………………………………………………...……32控制系统总方案设计……………………………………..………….…...42.1系统的功能及工作原理…………………………………………...............…42.1.1系统的基本功能…………………………...…………………….….....…...42.1.2系统工作原理…………………………………………………....................42.2系统硬件总体设计……………………………………………………….......42.3单片机选择……………………………………………...……………….......52.3.1AT89C51简介………………………………………………...…………….52.3.2AT89C51结构说明………………………………………….….………......63控制系统的硬件设计………………………………………………..…..93.1超声波测距设计………………………………………………………….......93.1.1超声波测距原理………………………………………………………........93.1.2超声波测距仪原理框图…………………………………………………....93.1.3单片机实现测距原理………………………………………………...........93.1.4超声波发射电路………………………………………………...................93.1.5超声波检测接收电路……………………………………………….......103.2光强检测……………………………………………….................................103.2.1光照检测方式…………………………………………………………......103.2.2检测电路………………………………………………...........................113.3信号采集设计………………………………………………........................113.3.1车速信号的采集和处理……………………………………………….....113.3.2方向盘转角信号调理电路……………………………………………….133.3.3光电传感器信号的采集和处理………………………………………..…143.3.4步进电机驱动电路……………………………………………….............153.3.5前照灯自动开闭和远近光自动切换电路设计…………………………..163.3.6电源及断电保护电路………………………………………………….....163.4单片机电路设计………………………………………………......