搜索
KindsFormsFunctionsInfinitiveGerundP.PTodo;tobedone;tobedoing;tohavedone;tohavebeendoneDoing;beingdone;havingdone;one’sdoingOne’snotdoing;one’snotbeingdone否定形式?Doing;done;Havingdone;havingbeendone;beingdone主,宾,补,定,表,状主,宾补,定,表,壮不定式和动名词作主语的区别●形式不同It’sveryimportanttolearnEnglishwell.LearningEnglishwellisveryimportant.It’sveryimportantforustolearnEnglishwell.OurlearningEnglishwellisveryimportant.Howtosay他们取得这次比赛的胜利真是令人兴奋?It’sveryexcitingforthemtowinthegame.Theirwinningthegameisveryexciting.注意不定式做主语的另一句型It’s+adj+ofsbtodosth●意义不同不定式表示某一具体的动作或将来待发生的事;而动名词表示动作的一贯性Communicatingismorethanlisteningandspeaking.Livinginbigcitiesmeanspushingonandoffbuses.Comeon,torefuseaninvitationisimpolite.Tobeanarchitectismyambition.●要注意互相平行一致Seeingisbelieving.Toseeistobelieve.It’smoreimportanttolearnEnglishthantolearnRussian.LearningEnglishismoreimportantthanlearningRussian.作宾语的区别⊙绝大多数都用不定式,只有少数十几个动词要求接动名词Finish;practise;enjoy;mind;delay;admit;deny;avoid;appreciate;bear;stand;understand;escape;risk;imagine;need/want/require;suggest⊙双重意义的动词Remember;forget;regret;stop;mean;try;consider;permit;allow;require;advise;forbid;persuade;⊙介词后要求接动名词作宾语,注意区分介词to和不定式符号to.以下为介词“to”Cometo;agreeto;objectto;stickto;seeto;leadto;devote…to;beusedto;/beaccustomedto;lookforwardto;prefer…toreferto;payattentionto;dueto;beopposedto;inadditionto;becloseto;getdownto⊙动名词的常用搭配句型和短语Thereisnopoint(in)doing/It’snouse(good)doingBeworthdoing/beworthy+ofbeingdonetobedoneBeworth+sth+todoHavedifficulty/trouble/ahard(good)time/fundoingbuttaketroubletodoBebusydoing/bebusywithsthSpend/wastetime+onsth(in)doing/doneSucceedindoing/failtodo/managetodoWhatabout/howaboutdoingKeep/protect/prevent/stop…fromdoingNeed/want/requiredoing/tobedone试比较:Can’thelpdoing/can’thelp(to)do/can’t(help)butdoFeellikedoing/wouldliketodoWarnsbagainstdoing/warnsbnottoSetaboutdoing/setouttodo常接不定式作宾语的动词,动词短语及形容词短语Hope;wish;expect;agree;pretend;manage;offer;afford;seem;attempt;intend;decide;failMakegreatefforts;goallout;setout;prefertodo;hadbetter;wouldrather;beable/determined/reluctant;unwilling带it作形式宾语的动词take;make;think;feel;consider;findIfeltitfoolishofhimtomistakeVCDforDVD注意:Don’tyouthinkitanygoodtakingwhathesaidforgranted?不定式和分词作补语的区别感官性动词和使役动词+宾+do/doing/doneSee;watch;notice;observe;hear;listento;feelThemanagersdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketoseecarriedoutthenextyear.(动作被动)IsawhersittingnearthewindowwhenIpassedbyherroom.(动作主动并在进行中）IsawhersitdownnearthewindowandturnontheTV.(动作主动但已完成).此句动词用于被动结构时,动词不定式必须要加上to,如:ShewasseentositdownnearthewindowandturnontheTV.使役动词have;make;let;get;keep;leave;causesend所带宾补形式各不相同Iwillhavetheparceldeliveredtothegivenaddressatonce.(parcel和deliver之间为被动关系)Whodidtheteacherhavewriteanarticleforthewallnewspaperjustnow?(teacher和write之间为主动关系)Ihadmyelectricfanrunningalldaylongyesterday.(表动作的主动和延续)注意:在否定句中,只有can’thave…..doingMake…do/doneBecausethemicrophoneisoutoforder,Icanhardlymakemyselfheard.WhenyouspeakEnglish,youshouldmakeothersunderstandyou.Itisreallyhardtogettheoldmantosignhisnameonthedocument.Ican’thaveyoucatchingcold;Goandgetyourwetcoatchanged.Keep…doing/doneleave….doing/doneNewspaperskeepusinformedofwhat’shappeningaroundus.Ifleftundisturbed,Icouldhaveworkedouttheproblem.Iwasleftwaitinginthedarkness.Cause..todoTheheavyraincausedtherivertoriserapidly.常见的带不定式作补语的动词Allow;permit;advise;forbid;want;ask;order;wish;expect;wouldlike;persuade;force不定式做补语的特殊结构Anarmyspokesmanstressedthatallthesoldiershadbeenordered_____clearwarningsbeforefiringanyshots.A.toissueB.beingissuedC.tohaveissuedD.tobeissuedsaidreportedthoughtSb/sth+be+believed+todo/tohavedone/tohavebeendonetobedoingsupposedconsideredfoundHeissaidtowrite/tobewriting/tohavewrittenabook.Robertissaid______abroad,butIdon’tknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.A.tohavestudiedB.tostudyC.tobestudyingD.tohavebeenstudying不定式,分词作定语1.Havesthtodo/tobedone2.Therebesthtodo(主动表被动)IhavealettertowriteThesecretaryaskedthebossifhehadanypaperstobetyped.Therearemanytelephonestoanswerintheofficeeveryday.3.序数词+todoHewasthelasttofinishthework.分词作定语(表时态和语态)Developingcountries/developedcountriesWorryingsituation/worriedlookThemeetingtobeheldtomorrowheldyesterdaybeingheldnow在很多情况下,不定式与分词作定语相当于定语从句.试比较:Thebooktobewrittenwillfocusonthedevelopmentofcomputerscience.=whichwillbewrittenThebookbeingwrittenwillbepublishednextmonth.whichisbeingwrittenThebookwrittenbyDickensiswellreceivedbyEnglish-majorstudents.whichwaswritten注意(1)分词的完成式不可作定语Thefilmhavingbeenmade(false)inHongkongattractedalargeaudience.ThefilmmadeinHongkongattractedalargeaudienceThefilmwhichwasmade………..(2)如果两个动作并非同时发生,不能用现在分词Hetoldmetheaccidenthappening(false)yesterday.thathappenedThefirstEuropeanexplorersvisiting(false)ChianbroughtbackthekitetoEurope.whohadvisited(3)有些不及物动词的过去分词作前置定语时表示动作已发生,没有被动的意义.Hisbrokenglasses;afallenleaf;boiledwater;developedcountries,etc.(4).不及物动词的过去分词不能作后置定语,一定要用定语从句来表示.Theboyfailedintheoralexamfeltdiscouraged.(false)whofailed改错:1.Thetowerhavingbeenrepairedlastyearisnowopentothepublic.2.Thepolicearetryingtofindthemanescapedthenightbefore.3.Doyouhappentoknowthegirlquestioned