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Lessonone1.Virtueis,indeedmustbe,self-centered.(para4)正确的行动是，确实也必须是以自我为中心的。Byrightaction,wemeanitmusthelppromotepersonalinterest.2.Theessentialsarefamiliar:thepovertyofthepoorwasthefaultofthepoor.Anditwasbecauseitwasproductoftheirexcessivefecundity…..(para5)他的基本观点为人熟知：穷人的贫穷是他们咎由自取，贫穷是热门过度生育的结果Thepovertyofthepoorwascausedbytheirhavingtoomanychildren.3.Povertybeingcausedinthebedmeantthattherichwerenotresponsibleforeitheritscreationoritsamelioration.(para6)贫穷源于过度生育意味着富人不应该为产生贫穷和解决贫穷承担责任Therichwerenottoblamefortheexistenceofpovertysotheyshouldnotbeaskedtoundertakethetaskofsolvingtheproblem.4.ItismerelytheworkingoutofalawofnatureandalawofGod(para8)这是自然规律和上帝的意志在起作用。Itisonlytheresultoreffectofthelawofthesurvivalofthefittestappliedtonatureortohumansociety.5.Itdeclinedinpopularity,andreferencetoitacquiredacondemnatorytone.(para9)然而在20世纪，人们认为社会学中的达尔文进化论有点过于残酷，遭到了普遍的质疑，人们提及它都带有谴责的口吻。PeoplebegantorejectSocialDarwinismbecauseitseemedtoglorifybrutalforceandopposetreasuredvaluesofsympathy,loveandfriendship.Therefore,whenitwasmentioned,itwasusuallythetargetofcriticism.6.Inrecentyears,however,ithasbecomeclearthatthesearchforawayofgettingthepooroffourconsciencewasnotatanend;itwasonlysuspended.(para11)然而，最近几年，很显然我们又在试图寻求不为穷人的存在而内疚的办法．这种尝试并没有结束，而只是曾经中断过一段时间。Thedesiretofindawaytojustifytheunconcernforthepoorhadnotbeenabandoned;ithadonlybeenputoff.7.Infact,wehaveintheUnitedStatesanextraordinarilygoodpublicserviceonemadeupoftalentedanddedicatedpeoplewhoareoverwhelminglyhonestandonlyrarelygiventooverpayingformonkeywrenches,flashlights,coffeemakers,andtoiletseats(para13)实际上，美国有非常优秀的公共服务队伍一支由富有才于和敬业精神的人组成的队伍，他们非常诚实，以致像出高价购实活动扳手、手电筒、咖啡壶以及马桶坐圈以获取回扣的情况及为罕见Governmentofficials,onthewhole,aregood;itisveryrarethatsomewouldpayhighpricesforofficeequipmenttogetkickbacks.8.Thisisperhapsourmosthighlyinfluentialpieceoffiction.(para15)这种说法也许是我们最有影响的一个虚构故事。Itisaverypopularstoryandhasbeenacceptedbymanybutitisnottrue.9.Beliefcanbetheservantoftruth---butevenmoreofconvenience.(para16)信念可以是真理的仆人，但更多的情况下只是一时之需。Beliefcanbeusefulinthesearchfortruth.Butmoreoftenthannotitisacceptedbecauseitisconvenientandself-serving.10.GeorgeGilder,agreatlyfavoredfigureoftherecentpast,whotellstomuchapplausethatthepoormusthavethecruelspuroftheirownsufferingtoensureeffort.(para20)11.最近深受欢迎的乔治吉尔德在众人的支持声中宣称穷人应该承受一定的痛苦，才能受到激励而努力改变现状；GeorgeGilderadvancestheviewthatonlywhenthepoorsufferfromgreatmiserywilltheybestimulatedtomakegreateffortstochangethesituation;inotherwords,sufferingisnecessarytoforcethepoortoworkhard.Lessontwo1.Butthesemarksofwildcountrycalledtomyfatherlikethelegendarysirensong.可是正是这些特征，像希腊神话里海妖那动听的歌声一样，诱惑着爸爸。Thoughtheplacewasnotpleasantanddisagreeabletootherpeople,theyweretheverythingsthatfascinatedmyfather---itsunexplored,uncultivatednaturalstate,andthechallenge.Theattractionswereirresistibletomyfather,justlikethelegendarysirensongtosailors.2.I'mafraidtheday'sgoingtocatchus,Iexplained,wonderingwhatgreatdisastermightbefallusifitdid.“我怕天就要黑了，”我解释到，心里想天真的黑了，会有什么样更大的灾难降临到我们头上。Asalittlegirl,Ibelievedmyfather'swords,andwasgenuinelyafraidofthepossibledisaster--ifwedidn'thurryup,thedaywouldcatchusandterriblethingsmighthappen.3....fromtimetotimehewashalfheartedlysoughtfortrial,thoughfewcrimesseemedtoleaddirectlytohisdoor.警察们时不时地例行公事，试图逮捕他，但似乎找不出他违法的具体证据。Inthisplace,thoughthepolicewoundmakesomeeffortwithoutrealearnesttoinvestigateWatsonandbringhimtocourt,thereseemedtobelittleconcreteevidencetoprovethathewasresponsibleforcertainillegalactivities.4.ThestrangleholdWatsonhadoverthissectionofFloridawasnotdissimilartotheunscrupulousactivitiesofcertainlawmen,otherlegalcrooks,andevengovernorsthatourstatewastosufferthroughitshistory.沃森在佛罗里达州这一地区的恶霸行为与我们在后来所遭受的某些执法者、法律骗子，甚至一些地方官员们的无耻行径毫无二致。ThecontrolWatsonhadoverthispartofFloridawasmuchsimilartothedishonestorillegalactivitiesofthelaw-enforcingofficialsandgovernorswhichFloridawitnessedinthe20thcentury.5.Therewasthelittleshack,notthemostgraciousoflivingquarters,andtherewasamurdererforournearestandonlyneighbor,aboutthirtymilesaway.小岛上有一个简陋的木屋，算不上很好的居住场所，唯一的近邻就是住在30英里外的杀人犯沃森。Beforethefamilybuilttheirownhouse,theylivedinashabbycabinatGopherKey,closetothemercilessWatson.6.KingRichardinhisgluttonyneversatatatablemoresumptuousthanourswasthreetimesaday...即使是讲究美食的国王理查德也不可能像我们一样一日三餐吃着如此丰盛的野味。Wehadabundantfoodontheisland,andeventhemealsenjoyedbyKingRichard,whowasfamousforhisloveoffood,couldn'tpossiblycomparewithours.7.Despitetheunrelentingheat,wewerehappytobeletofffromourhoursofschoolindoors,sessionswhichourmotherkepteveryday,rainorshine.尽管烈日当头，我们却很高兴不用在屋里上课；平时每天的这个时候，无论晴天还是下雨，妈妈都要给我们上课。Althoughitwasveryhotoutsideinthesun,wewerehappytobedismissedfrommymother'ssessionsindoors.Wewouldhavetoreadandwritewithhereverydaynomatterwhattheweatherwaslike.Unit31.Evendroughts,floodsandheatwavesmaybecomeunwittingactsofman.(para2)甚至干旱、洪水、热电波等都可能是人类的无心之过Whatpeopledomayunintentionallycausedroughts,floodsandheatwaves.2.Butthisimage,nowrepeatedlythrustbeforeusinphotographs,posters,andadvertisements,ismisleading.(para4)但这种曾无数次展现在我们面前的照片海报和广告上的景象都是误导TheEarthweseein