诗人雪莱介绍英文版Percy Bysshe Shelley

PercyByssheShelley(1792--1822)IfWintercomes,canSpringbefarbehind?壹贰叁肆伍BriefintroductionLifeMarriageMajorworksEstimationBriefintroductionPercyByssheShelley(1792-1822)Category:EnglishLiteratureBorn:August4,1792FieldPlacenearHorsham,Sussex,EnglandDied:July8,1822Viareggio,Italy•EnglishRomanticpoet•WhorebelledagainstEnglishpoliticsandconservativevalues.Shelleydrewnoessentialdistinctionbetweenpoetryandpolitics,andhisworkreflectedtheradicalideasandrevolutionaryoptimismoftheera.•英国浪漫主义诗人•他背叛了英语政治和保守的价值观。雪莱没有本质的区别诗歌和政治,他的作品反映了激进的思想和革命时代的乐观情绪。Life•Bornon4thAugust,1792,atFieldPlace•AsonofSirTimothyShelley—aWhigMemberofParliament—andhiswife,alandowner雪莱爵士—辉格党议员—妻子（地主）•Receivedhisearlyeducationathome•In1802,heenteredtheSyonHouseAcademy•In1804,ShelleyenteredEtonCollege(subjectedtoanalmostdailymobtorment)几乎每天受到暴徒折磨•On10thApril1810,hewaseducatedatOxfordUniversity•In1810publishedhisfirstGothicnovelZastrozzi《柴斯特罗齐》,whichexpressedhisatheisticworldview哥特式小说，无神论世界观publishedOriginalPoetrybyVictorandCaziretogetherwithhissisterElizabethfinishedPosthumousFragmentsofMargaretNicholsoncooperatedwithThomasJeffersonHogg•In1811publishedhissecondGothicnovel,St.Irvyne《圣安尔温》wroteananti-religiouspamphletcalledTheNecessityofAtheism《无神论的必要》,whichmadehimbeexpelledfromtheuniversity反宗教小册子marriedHarrieton28August•In1816metByronHarrietdrownedherselfinHydeParklosthischildren’sguardianshipmarriedMaryGodwin•In1817,stayedatMarlowwithJohnKeats•In1818,movedtoItalyandformed“SatanicSchool”withByron“魔鬼的学校”•On8July1822,lessthanamonthbeforehis30thbirthday,ShelleydrownedinasuddenstormwhilesailingbackfromLivornotoLericiinhisschooner,waslaterburiedinRome.•.MarriageFirstmarriage•Heelopedwithasixteen-year-oldgirl,Harriet,toScotlandtogetmarried.•Unhappyinhisnearlythree-year-oldmarriage,Shelleyoftenlefthiswifeandchildalone.Secondmarriage•DuringhisfirstmarriagehefellinlovewithMaryGodwin,theauthorofFrankenstein《科学怪人》,andelopedwithhertotheEuropeanContinent.私奔到欧洲大陆•TheygotmarriedafewweeksafterHarriet’sbodywasfound.Majorworks•TheNecessityofAtheism(1811)《无神论的必然》•QueenMab(1813)《麦布女王》•ToTheLordChancellor（1817）《致大法官》•LaonandCythna(TheRevolutionoftheGoldenCity)(1818)《莱昂和西斯那》•TheRevoltofIslam(1818)《伊斯兰的反叛》抨击封建制度的专横无道和英国资本主义制度的剥削，反映劳动人民的悲惨境遇，引起了英国资本主义阶级的仇视，1818年被迫侨居意大利。•OdetotheWestWind(1819)《西风颂》•PrometheusUnbound(1819)《解放了的普罗米修斯》•TheCenci(1819)《倩契》•TheMasqueofAnarchy(1819)《暴政的假面游行》•MenofEngland(1819)《英格兰人》VersedramaPoliticalpoem•ThePhilosophicalViewofReform(1819)《改革的哲学观》•TheCloud(1820)《云》•ToASkylark(1820)《致云雀》•OdeToLiberty(1820)《自由颂》•Adonias:AnElegyontheDeathofJohnKeats(1821)《阿多尼斯》PrometheusUnbound•雪莱利用古希腊神话的素材（TheancientGreekmythmaterial），创作了这一诗剧，表达自己反抗暴政的思想。•结合当时的社会背景，雪莱的时代，工人运动（labormovement）正在兴起，民族解放运动（nationalliberationmovement）正在高涨，他的诗歌正像普罗米修斯用火点燃人们的心一样，鼓舞着被压迫、被奴役人民的革命斗争。•雪莱笔下的普罗米修斯的形象，既概括了工人阶级和劳动人民反抗专制统治（againstdespotism）、争取自由解放（fightforfreedomandliberation）的革命精神和不畏强暴的英雄气概，也体现了诗人自己坚定的立场、伟大的品格、崇高的精神境界。OdetotheWestWindMakemethylyre,evenastheforestis:Whatifmyleavesarefallinglikeitsown!ThetumultofthymightyharmoniesWilltakefrombothadeep,autumnaltone,Sweetthoughinsadness.Bethou,Spiritfierce,Myspirit!Bethoume,impetuousone!DrivemydeadthoughtsovertheuniverseLikewither'dleavestoquickenanewbirth!And,bytheincantationofthisverse,Scatter,asfromanunextinguish'dhearthAshesandsparks,mywordsamongmankind!Bethroughmylipstounawaken'dearthThetrumpetofaprophecy!OhWind,IfWintercomes,canSpringbefarbehind?把我当作你的竖琴吧，有如树林：尽管我的叶落了，那有什么关系！你巨大的合奏所振起的音乐将染有树林和我的深邃的秋意：虽忧伤而甜蜜。呵，但愿你给予我狂暴的精神！奋勇者呵，让我们合一！请把我枯死的思想向世界吹落，让它像枯叶一样促成新的生命！哦，请听从这一篇符咒似的诗歌，就把我的话语，像是灰烬和火星从还未熄灭的炉火向人间播散！让预言的喇叭通过我的嘴唇把昏睡的大地唤醒吧！西风啊，如果冬天来了,春天还会远吗?•writtenin1819nearFlorence,Italy•wantedhismessageofreformandrevolutionspread传播改革和革命的思想•thewindbecomesthetropeforspreadingthewordofchangethroughthepoet-prophetfigure西风已经成了一种象征，它是一种无处不在的宇宙精神，一种打破旧世界，追求新世界的西风精神。诗人以西风自喻，表达了自己对生活的信念和向旧世界宣战的决心。•thepoemexpressesthehopethatitswordswillinspireandinfluencethosewhoreadorhearit启发和影响读者•《西风颂》雪莱“三大颂”诗歌中的一首，写于1819年。当时，欧洲各国的工人运动和革命运动风起云涌。•在意大利和希腊，民族解放运动方兴未艾，雪莱的《西风颂》发表不久，这两个国家也先后爆发了轰轰烈烈的武装起义。•诗人“骄傲、轻捷而不驯的灵魂”的自白，是时代精神的写照。Estimation•威廉·华兹华斯曾称其为“Oneofthebestartistsofusall”，同时期的拜伦称其为“WithoutexceptionthebestandleastselfishmanIeverknew”，更被誉为诗人中的诗人。其一生见识广泛，不仅是柏拉图主义者，更是个伟大的理想主义者。创作的诗歌节奏明快，积极向上。•恩格斯赞美雪菜是“天才的预言家”。雪莱故居菲尔德庄园雪莱在牛津大学时的宿舍雪莱纪念碑塑像