Unit2定语从句1

什么是定语和定语从句？定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的单词、短语或句子，汉语中常用“……的”表示。单词作定语一般前置,句子或短语作定语则必须后置.句子作定语则叫定语从句.ablueseaahandsomeboy定语从句的位置:紧跟在先行词的后面:YoumustdoeverythingthatIdo.IhavefoundthebookwhichIlost.IvisitedtheschoolwhereIstudied.定语从句：由一个句子充当定语的从句。Ihavefoundthebookthat/whichyouwant.我已经找到你想要的那本书了。先行词关系代词先行词+（关系代词/关系副词+从句）名词、代词。。。的。。。关系代词:who----人----主语whom----人----宾语whose----人/物----定语which----物----主语/宾语that----人/物----主语/宾语关系副词：whenwherewhyJointhefollowingsentences:1.Aplaneisamachine.Themachinecanfly.Aplaneiscanfly.Aplaneiscanfly.amachinethemachineamachinethat/which关系代词实际上是先行词的复指,that/which代指先行词machine。限制性定语从句＆关系代词Peoplewho/thatknewhimlikedhim.Thesearethebooks(which/that)youordered.Workersbuiltsheltersforsurvivorswhosehomeshadbeendestroyed.Sheisnolongerthegirlthatshewasinchildhood.她不再是童年时候的那个小女孩了。关系代词that,who,which,whom,whose在定语从句中可以作主语、宾语、定语和表语主语宾语定语表语作用&关系代词例句作主语:人：who/that物：which/thatWevisitedthefactorywhich\thatmakestoysforchildren.Mostmanagerswho\thatarepresentatthemeetingagreedtotheplan.作宾语:人：who/whomthat物：which/thatThestudent(whom\that\who)youwanttoseehascome.Theletter(which\that)Ireceivedyesterdaywasfrommyfather.作定语:whoseThegirlwhosemotherisateacherworksveryhard.Theroomwhosewindowswerebrokenwasmine.关系副词：when,where,why相应的介词+which=相应的关系副词1.时间状语:whenIstillrememberthedaywhenImethimforthefirsttime.我还记得我跟他第一次见面的那天。（在那天我跟他第一次见面）onwhich=onwhich,atwhich,duringwhicha.I’llneverforgetthetimethat/whichwespenttogetherinParis.我永远不会忘记我们在巴黎一起渡过的那段时间。b.I’llrememberthetimewhenweoftenstayedtogether.我会记住我们在一起的那段时间。（在那段时间，我们在一起）作spent的宾语2.地点状语：whereIn1998,hereturnedtothesmalltownwherehegrewup.1998年，他回到了他在那里成长的小镇。inwhich=in/atwhich3.原因状语：whyThereasonwhyhewaskilledwasnotclear.他被杀的原因不明。forwhich=forwhich1949istheyear____________witnessedtheliberationofChina.1949istheyear________________thenewChinawasfounded.Thisisthereason_____________explainedhisbeinglate.Thisisthereason_______________hewaslateforschool.which/thatwhich/thatinwhich/whenforwhich/why先行词关系代词1.one,ones,anyone,those2.人称代词,e.g.Hewho1.既有人又有物(thethingsandpersons)2.在从句中作表语Sheisn’tthegirlthatshewasbefore.3.all,much,little,something,anything,nothing,everything,none,theone等不定代词4.被theonly,thevery,thelast,oneof,no,any,few,little;序数词;形容词最高级修饰注:句子中已有who,关系代词也只用that只用that的情况Thisisoneofthebestfilms_____Ihaveeverseen.Chinaisnolongerthecountry_____itusedtobe.Hespokeofthethingsandpersons_____hehadseenabroad.Thisistheverybook_____Iamlookingfor.Who_____hassuchahomedoesn’tloveit?All____canbedonehasbeendone.thatthatthatthatthatthat１.引导非限制性定语从句，修饰某物或整个句子时只能用which只能用which的情况:a.Themachine,whichIhavelookedafterformanyyears,isstillworkingperfectly.(which修饰物：themachine)b.Shefailedtheexam,whichmadeherparentsveryangry.(which修饰句子shefailedtheexam)只能用which的情况:２.先行词为物，介词前置时(介词＋which)e.g.inwhich=where表地点forwhich=why表原因onwhich=when表时间ofwhich=whose表所有关系Thisthebookwhosecoverisred.=Thisthebookthecoverofwhichisred.注：先行词为人，介词前置时：介词＋whom1.Thisisthereason____________helefthishometown.(=why)2.I’llneverforgettheday___________westayedtogether.(=when)3.Thisisthegirl_____________Ilearnedthenews.forwhichfromwhomonwhich关系代词在介词后不能用that,关系代词也不能省。如介词放在句尾，引导词可用that或who,而且可省去。4.Theperson___________IspokejustnowisthemanagerthatItoldyouabout.5.I’llshowyouastore__________youmaybuyallthatyouneed.(=where)6.Idon’tliketheway_________youlaughedather.towhominwhichinwhich