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新东方英语四级：四级qq群：238407043新东方英语四级：四级qq群：238407043PartⅠWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledOnChineseWorkers-PaidHolidays.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow:1.有人认为“带薪休假”有很多好处……2.有人认为“带薪休假”落到实处很难3.你的观点及建议_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________PartⅡReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,markY(forYES)ifthestatementagreeswithinformationgiveninthepassage;N(forNO)ifthestatementcontradictstheinformationgiveninthepassage;NG(forNOTGIVEN)iftheinformationisnotgiveninthepassage.Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.ObesityinChildrenObesityinchildrenandadolescentsisrisingatanalarmingrate.Currentlyover15%ofyoungpeopleover6yearsoldareobese,andobesityisalsoincreasingamongchildrenaged5andyounger.ChildrenareconsideredtobeoverweightiftheBMI(BodyMassIndex)isover85%oftheweightgroupintheirageandsexcategories.Ifitis95%andover,theyareconsideredtobeobese.Adolescentsaregenerallyjudgedaccordingtoadultcriteriaforobesity,althoughthereareotherconsiderationsinthispopulation.Ethnicvariations,timingofgrowthspurts,andhighernormalfatlevelsaround新东方英语四级：四级qq群：238407043新东方英语四级：四级qq群：238407043pubertycancausedisparitiesinthesemeasurements.CausesandRiskFactorsforObesityinChildrenLifestyleFactors.Withouteducationalorparentalguidance,childrenareextremelyvulnerabletotheintenseculturalpressuresthatarelargelyresponsiblefortheobesityepidemic.Neitherthemedianortheeducationalsystemhasstrongwell-financedprogramsthatencouragehealthy-alternatives,includingexerciseandhealthyfoods.Thefollowingaresomespecificproblemscreatedbytheculture:*Excessivetelevisionwatchingplaysacriticalroleinobesityinchildren.Notonlyisitasedentaryactivity,buttelevisionalsooffersinnumerabletemptationswithitsadvertisementsforfastfoods,sugarcereals,andunhealthysnacks.Inonestudyobesityrateswerelowestinchildrenwhowatchedtelevisiononehourorlessadayandhighestinthosewhowatchedfourormorehours.*Sugar,particularlyfromsoda,othersweetenedbeverages,andfruitjuice,maybemajorcontributorstochildhoodobesity.Onestudyreportedthatdrinkingsodaregularlyincreasesachild’sriskforobesityby60%.*Lessphysicalexerciseandgreatersedentaryactivitiesplayanothersignificantroleinobesityinchildren.Ahighlevelofphysical,activity—notjustusingupenergy—isimportantforweightcontrolinyoungpeople.FamilyHistory.Parentalobesitymorethandoublestheriskthatayoungchild,whetherthinoroverweight,willbecomeobeseasanadult.Inolderchildrenandteenagers,obesityinparentsstartstocountlessasapredictorforbodyweightthantheirownweight.Theriskmaybeduetoenvironmentalorgeneticfactors,orboth.EthnicandSocioeconomicFactors.Asinadultpopulations,childrenfromlowersocioeconomicgroupsandminoritypopulationsareathigherriskforobesity.Forexample,amongyoungMexicanAmericansandAfricanAmericans,therehasbeenanincreaseinoverweightprevalenceofabout13%toover23%.FactorsSurroundingBirth.Thefollowingfactorssurroundingbirthareassociatedwithachild’sweight:*Lowbirthweightisariskfactorforlaterobesityanddiabetes.Onetheoryisthathumanshavea“thriftygene”thatproducesmetabolicchangesininfantswithlowbirthweight.Suchchangesaffectinsulinandfataccumulationinordertoproducea“catch-up”weightintheseyoungchildrenasquicklyaspossible.Thisrapidweightgainininfancyincreasesthegainriskforobesityinchildrenandalsoinyoungadulthood.新东方英语四级：四级qq群：238407043新东方英语四级：四级qq群：238407043*InastudyofAfricanAmericanchildren,havinganoverweightpregnantmotherincreasedtheriskforlaterweightgain,butlowbirthweightdidnot.Althoughsomesmallstudieshavereportedprotectionagainstobesityfrombreastfeeding,evidenceisweak.Ina2003study,forexample,childrenwhowerebreastfedforthreetofivemonthshadalowerriskforobesity,butprolongedbreastfeedinghadnoeffect.Nevertheless,giventhehealthfuleffectsofbreastfeedingandthepossibilitythatitmayhaveevenaslightimpactonchildhoodobesity,itishighlyrecommended.HealthConsequencesofChildhoodObesityChildrenandadolescentswhoareobesehavepoorerhealththanotherchildren.Studiesarereportingunhealthycholesterollevelsandhighbloodpressureinobesechildrenandadolescents.Ofgreatconcernisthedramaticincreaseintype2diabetesinyoungpeople,whichismostcertainlylargelyduetotheincreaseinobesity.Obesityinchildrenisalsolinkedtoasthma,gallbladderproblems,sleepapnea,andliverabnormalities.Childhoodobesitymaybepartlyresponsibleforthedecliningageforonsetofpubertyingirls,withsubsequentrisksforbreastcancer.Itisnotclearyethowmanyofthesechildhoodproblemspersistinpeoplewhoachievenormalweightasadults.Stayingoverweightintoadulthoodcertainlyconfershealthrisks.ManagingOverweightandObeseChildrenChildhoodobesi