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一.定语从句的基本知识1.定义：修饰\限制某一名词或代词的句子为定语从句。一般翻译为:“……的”。2.先行词：被修饰的名词或代词为先行词。3.位置：放在被修饰名词或代词的后面。4.关系词：定语从句必须有一个关系词引导，关系词分为关系代词和关系副词两类，但关系代词作宾语、表语时可以省去。关系词之间的区别请看下面两幅图。图①:关系代词在定语从句中主语,宾语,表语和定语whowhomwhichthataswhose人人物人\物人\物人\物主\宾\表宾主\宾\表主\宾\表主\宾\表定图②：关系副词在定语从句中仅作状语whenwherewhy时间词地点词原因词时间状语地点状语原因状语注意：①一定要在理解的基础上记忆关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中所作的成分。②what不能引导定语从句,但能引导名词性从句。③that不可引导非限制性定语从句。④被动语态的谓语动词不需要宾语。⑤关系代词that不能作介词的宾语。二.定语从句中的重点,难点,易混点和高考中的考点1.as与which引导非限制性定语从句的区别:as与which引导非限制性定语从句时,它们的先行词都可以是整个句子,区别在于:①as引导的从句位置灵活,可以放在主句的前,中和后,而which引导的从句只能放在主句之后.②as常被译为“正如……”,而which常被译为“这一点\这”TaiwanispartofChina,asisknowntoall.Marydidn’tpassthedrivingtest,whichmadeherverysad.注意:as常用于以下结构:as+主语+see\know\expect\imagine\suppose.asbeseen\known\expected\imagined\supposed.asoftenhappens.ashasbeensaidbefore.asisoftenthecase.(1).Theownerofthecinemaneededtomakealotofimprovementsandemployedmorepeopletokeepitrunning,______meantspendingtensofthousandsofpounds.(江苏)A.whoB.thatC.asD.which(2)._______isoftenthecase,wehaveworkedouttheproductionplan.A.WhichB.WhenC.WhatD.As(江苏)DD高考衔接2.定语从句与同位语从句的区别:①that在引导定语从句时,代先行词并且在从句中作成分,作宾语和表语时可以省略,而引导同位语从句的that在从句中不作任何成分,无词义,且不能省略。②what不引导定语从句,但引导同位语从句,在从句中作主语,宾语,表语和定语,不可省略.Thisisthesuggestionthatheputforward.()Hegavemeasuggestionthatweshouldstartat5o’clock.()定语从句同位语从句(3).---It’sthirtyyearssincewelastmet.---ButIstillrememberthestory,believeitornot,______wegotlostonarainynight.(四川)A.whichB.thatC.whatD.noneB高考衔接3.几个特殊先行词后的定语从句:①reason为先行词时,如果定语从句中缺少状语,则用why引导,如果缺少主语\宾语\表语,则用that\which引导。②theway为先行词时，如果定语从句中缺少状语，则用that\inwhich引导,也可以省略,如果缺少主语\宾语\表语,则用that\which引导。③situation\case\point\spot\scene为先行词时,如果定语从句中缺少状语,则用where引导。④occasion为先行词时，如果定语从句中缺少状语，则用when引导。Thisisthereasonthat\whichhegave.Wemaybetrappedinsuchasituationwherewehavenoonetoturnto.(5).Occasionsarequiterare______Ihavethetimetospendadaywithmykids.(山东)A.whoB.whichC.whyD.whenD(4).---Doyouhaveanythingtosayforyourselves?---Yes,there’sonepoint______wemustinsiston.(江西)A.whyB.whereC.howD.×D高考衔接(6).Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthatschool.Itisnolonger_______itwas20yearsago,_______itwassopoorlyequipped.(安徽)A.what;whenB.that;whichC.what;whichD.which;that(7).---Wheredidyougettoknowher?---Itwasonthefarm______weworked.(山东)A.thatB.thereC.whichD.whereAD高考衔接4.定语从句与强调句型及其它复合句的结合ItisJohnwhorunsawebsitewhereheencouragespeopletoprotecttheenvironment.ThevillagewherewespentourholidaylastmonthliesinwhatisnowpartofHubeiProvince.Exercises(1).Jimpassedthedrivingtest,________surprisedeverybodyintheoffice.A.whichB.thatC.thisD.it(浙江)(2).Wewillbeshownaroundthecity:school,museums,andsomeotherplaces,______othervisitorsseldomgo.(北京2002)A.whatB.whichC.whereD.when(3).Icanthinkofmanycases_______studentsobviouslyknewalotofEnglishwordsandexpressionsbutcouldn’twriteagoodessay.(上海2003)A.whyB.whichC.asD.where(4).Theplace_______thebridgeissupposedtobebuiltshouldbe________thecross-rivertrafficistheheaviest.(江苏)A.which,whereB.atwhich,whichC.atwhich;whereD.which;inwhich(5).Lastmonth,partofSoutheastAsiawasstruckbyfloods,from_______effectsthepeoplearestillsuffering.(天津)A.thatB.whoseC.thoseD.whatACDCB