68非谓语动词

一般式否定被动完成完成被动tododoingdonenottodonotdoingnotdonetobedonebeingdonedonetohavedonehavingdonedonetohavebeendonehavingbeendonedone一般式成分意义和时态todo主宾表定状补表目的，未发生；具体的，一次性的行为主动，将来doing动名词：主宾表定现在分词：定状补表习惯性，经常的动作;主动，进行，形容物done过去分词：定状补被动，完成，形容人2、动词不定式的基本用法(成分)：（1）作主语：Tohelpeachotherisgood.Itisgoodtohelpeachother.（2）作表语：Myjobistodrivethemtothepowerstationeveryday.（3）作宾语：Shewishestobeamusician.（4）作宾语补足语：Tellthechildrennottoplayonthestreet.（5）作定语：Theoldmanislookingforaquietplacetolive.（6）作状语:EverymorninghegetsupveryearlytoreadEnglish.ShereadsChinaDailyeverydayinorderto(soasto)improveherEnglish.Tomasteraforeignlanguage,onemustworkhardatit.Youareoldenoughtotakecareofyourselfnow.3、疑问词+动词不定式：Howtopreventthemfromswimminginthisriverisaproblem.4、动词不定式的否定式：5、动词不定式的时态形式所表示的时间关系：6、动词不定式的被动语态用法：Whatistobedonenexthasn’tbeendecidedyet.（1）一般式：动词不定式一般式所表示的动作是和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，或者是在谓语动词所表示的动作之后发生，如：Wedecidedtoplantmoretreesthisspring.（其后），Theyoftenwatchusplaytabletennis.（同时）；（2）完成式：动词不定式完成式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，如：Iamsorrytohavekeptyouwaiting.（3）进行式：动词不定式进行式所表示的动作正在进行中，而且与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，如：ShehappenedtobewritingaletterintheroomwhenIcamein.nottodo2、-ing形式的基本用法。（1）作主语：Seeingisbelieving.It’snousewaitinghere.（2）作表语：Herjobiswashingandcooking.Myhobbyiscollectingstamps.（3）作宾语：Shelikesdrawingverymuch.；MarydreamtofgoingtoNewYork.；Thisbookiswellworthreading.（4）作定语：Thesleepingchildisonlyfiveyearsold.Doyouknowthemanstandingatthegate?（5）作宾语补足语：Wecanseesteamrisingfromthewetclothes.see,watch,hear,observe,feel,find,have,keep等。（6）作状语：①时间状语：SeeingTom,Icouldn’thelpthinkingofhisbrother.Whencrossingstreet,youmustbecareful.②原因状语：Beingill,hedidn’tgotoschoolyesterday.③方式或伴随状语：MarystoodattheschoolgatewaitingforBetty.3、主动语态-ing完成式的基本用法。Havingansweredtheletter,shewentontoreadanEnglishnovel.4、被动语态-ing一般式的基本用法。Thetruckbeingrepairedthereisours.5、被动语态-ing完成式的基本用法。Havingbeenshownthelab,weweretakentoseethelibrary.7、-ing形式与动词不定式在句中作主语、表语、宾语时的区别eg:Ourjobismakingsteel.Shelikesplayingthepiano,butshedoesn'twanttoplayittoday.8、-ing形式与动词不定式在句中作定语的区别。eg:ThegirlwritingalettertherecanspeakEnglishverywell.Ihavethreeletterstowrite.-ing：表示一个比较抽象或泛指的动作todo:表示一个具体某一次的动作-ing:其动作一般与句中谓语动词所表示的动词同时发生，todo:其动作一般发生在句中谓语动词所表示的动作之后。9、-ing形式与动词不定式在作宾语补足语时的区别。（1）eg:Ihavetoldthemtocomeagaintomorrow.（2）Ihearhersingingintheroom.Ihearhersingintheroom.(省略to的动词不定式)10、-ing形式与动词不定式在句中作状语的区别。Notreceivinghisletter,Iwrotetohimagain.Ilookedintothewindowtoseewhatwasgoingoninside.todo:其动作一般发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之后,-ing：在句作状语表示时间、原因、方式或伴随情况todo:一般是作目的或结果状语非谓语动词（三）——过去分词（1）作定语：Thestolencarwasfoundbythepolicelastweek.（2）作表语：Theglassisbroken.Theglasswasbrokenbymylittlebrother.作表语用的过去分词在许多词典中已列为形容词，如：crowded,devoted,discouraged,done,dressed,drunk,experienced,frightened,gone,hurt,interested,killed,known,learned,lost,pleased,satisfied,shut,surprised,tired,worried,astonished,broken,completed,covered等。（3）作宾语补足语：WhenIopenedthedoor,Ifoundthegroundcoveredbyfallenleaves.（4）作状语：过去分词作状语，分词的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致，分词作状语必须和句子的主语存在逻辑上的主动和被动关系，为了使作状语的过去分词意义更加明确，常在分词前加when,if,while,though,as等连词，Seenfromthehill/Whenseenfromthehill,ourtownlooksbeautiful.Givenmoretime/Ifgivenmoretime,wecouldhavedoneitbetter.1.独立主格：Thebellringing,weallstoppedtalking.Theworkhavingbeenfinished,shesatdowntohavearest.①作伴随状语的独立结构常可用with短语来代替，Shereadtheletter,tearsrollingdownhercheeks.Shereadtheletterwithtearsrollingdownhercheeks.Generallyspeaking一般来说Considering….考虑到，鉴于Time/weatherpermitting/Ifweatherpermits时间、天气允许的话Taking…intoaccount考虑到Taking…intoconsideration考虑到Providing…假如Supposing…假如Judingfrom/by…根据…判断Giventhat…假如，如果；鉴于，考虑到2、-ing形式与过去分词的区别：（1）语态不同：-ing形式表示主动概念，done表示被动概念。aninspiringspeech鼓舞人心的演说；theinspiredaudience受鼓舞的听众。（2）时间关系不同：现在分词所表示的动作一般是正在进行中的动作，而过去分词所表示的动作，往往是已经完成的动作，Thedevelopingcountry.Thedevelopedcountry.eg:1.Ifindtheground________(cover)withalotofleaves.2.Itellhim_________(read)thebook.3.Shesangand________(dance)ontheplayground.4.Youmustgoearly,otherwiseyou_______(miss)thebus.5.Itoldhimthathe_________(study)hard.1.看句子类型2.看动词3.找逻辑主语4.看时态，语态非谓语的解题步骤或思路非谓语常见的位置，或在句子中所担当的成分例如：Influencedbythegrowinginterestinnature,morepeopleenjoyoutdooractivities.Allflightshavingbeencancelled,theydecidedtotakethetrain.非谓语动词短语，+主句或者是主句，非谓语动词短语这时的非谓语动词短语起到状语的作用note：判断动词的先后顺序使用非谓语动词的七大原则1.Whenaskedwhyhewentthere，hesaidhewassentthere_____foraspaceflight.A.trainingB.beingtrainedC.tohavetrainedD.tobetrained2._____thiscake，you’llneed2eggs，175gsugarand175gflour.A.HavingmadeB.MakeC.TomakeD.Making原则一：用作目的状语时，原则上要用不定式。3.Asthelightturnedgreen，Istoodforamoment，not_____，andaskedmyselfwhatIwasgoingtodo.A.movedB.movingC.tomoveD.beingmoved4.Thegirlwasleftaloneintheroom，_____bitterly.A.tocryB.cryingC.criedD.cry原则二：用作伴随状语时，原则上要用现在分词。5.Theglassdoorshavetakentheplaceofthewoodenonesattheentrance，_____inthenaturallightduringtheday.A.toletB.lettingC.letD.havinglet6.Hehurriedtothestation，only_____thatthetrainhadleft.A.tofindB.findingC.foundD.tohavefound原则三：用作结果状语时，可用现在分词或不定式。其原则区别是：一般用现在分词表示一定逻辑的结果，即结果在意料之中；不定式用作结果状语，表示非逻辑的结果，即结果在意料之外。7.ThechildrentalkedsoloudlyatdinnertablethatIhadtostruggle_____.A.tobehe