Formal-and-informal-organizations

Formalorganizationisafixedsetofrulesofinfra-organizationproceduresandstructures.Theinformalorganizationistheinterlockingsocialstructurethatgovernshowpeopleworktogetherinpractice.Itistheaggregateof,norms,personalandprofessionalconnectionsthroughwhichworkgetsdoneandrelationshipsarebuiltamongpeoplewhoshareacommonorganizationalaffiliationorclusterofaffiliations.Itconsistsofadynamicsetofpersonalrelationships,socialnetworks,communitiesofcommoninterest,andemotionalsourcesofmotivation.1、Functions:(1)Tofacilitatetheaccomplishmentofthegoalsoftheorganization:Inaformalorganization,theworkisdelegatedtoeachindividualoftheorganization.He/Sheworkstowardstheattainmentofdefinitegoals,whichareincompliancewiththegoalsoftheorganization.(2)Tofacilitatetheco-ordinationofvariousactivities:Theauthority,responsibility,andaccountabilityofindividualsintheorganizationisverywelldefined.Hence,facilitatingtheco-ordinationofvariousactivitiesoftheorganizationveryeffectively.(3)Toaidtheestablishmentoflogicalauthorityrelationship:Theresponsibilitiesoftheindividualsintheorganizationarewelldefined.Theyhaveadefiniteplaceintheorganizationduetoawelldefinedhierarchicalstructurewhichisinherentinanyformalorganization.(4)PermittheapplicationoftheconceptofspecializationanddivisionofLabor.Divisionofworkamongstindividualsaccordingtotheircapabilitieshelpsingreaterspecializationsanddivisionofwork.2、Formalorganizationalsohasthreebasicelements:unityandcooperation,commongoals,communicationandexchange.3、ThecharacteristicsofFormalorganizations:(1)organizationalgoalsarespecific.(2)theformalorganizationofthepowersofmandatorycompliancefeatures,andthereareorthodox,legitimacyandstabilitycharacteristics.(3)formalorganizationalstructuregenerallyhashierarchicallevelfeatures.(4)theformalorganizationofthecommunicationchannelsprovidedbytherulesoftheorganization.1、Accordwithnature(Naturalness)Informalorganizationisentirelyvoluntarycombinationofpeople,soitisinaccordwithnaturalnobodyforced,andnoonedeliberatelyarranged,designedentirelybythepeopleintheorganizationofthemutualbehavioramongmutualunderstandingandrecognitionundertheproducefeelingsafterthenaturalcombinationofgroup2、Mutualbehavior(Interaction)Mutualexchangesamongpeopleintheorganization,communication,mutualunderstanding,andthustheformationofinformalorganization.Thisinteractiveprocessthatismutuallybehavior.3、Emotionalinvestment(Empathy)Personnelasaresultofdealingsbetweenintimate,psychologicallyputeveryoneinsomerespectsfusedintoawhole,includingcompassionandmutualrecognition,andthustotheemotionalbodyasabasis,soitsbehaviorlackofobjectivecriteria.Managersshouldfullydocumentalldecisions,the“goodmanager”arethosethatprovidedetaileddatatosupporttheirrecommendations.Creativedecisions.Producedsignificantchangesorriskandarenotencouraged.Becausethemanagerfailedprojectsareopenlycriticizedandpunished.Toomanymanagersdonotrealizeideasdeviatefromthestatusquo.Areferencetoacommonphrasesunderlyingmanagersofthecompany.Workactivitiesaroundindividualshavedifferentdepartmentsandauthority.Staffisexpectedtoreducetheofficialcontactwithotheremployeesinthefunctionalareasforthecommand.Performanceevaluationandreward,emphasizingindividualeffort.Althoughqualificationstendtobetheprimaryfactorindeterminingpayandpromotion.Managersshouldcloselymonitoremployeeswithoutbias.Managementisconcernedaboutthehighproductivity,regardlessofstaffmoraleorturnover.(4)Socialdistance(SocialDistance)Amongtheformalorganizationalhierarchycontrolorfunctionaldivisionoflaborbecausetherelationshipbetweenhowmanypeopletherearesomesocialdistance;Butintheinformalorganizationamongworkersisduetoacombinationofthesamebackground,sothedistancebetweenusbecomesshorter.