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ChoosetoBeAloneonPurposeRoommateConflictsBook4Unit5ChoosetoBeAloneonPurposeBackgroundInformationWatchandDiscussStructureAnalysisDetailedStudyoftheTextExercisesHenryDavidThoreau(1817—1862)U.S.thinker,essayist,andnaturalist.BorninConcord,Mass,hegraduatedfromHarvardUniversityandtaughtschoolforseveralyearsbeforedecidingtobecomeapoetofnature.Intheyears1845—1847,todemonstratehowsatisfyingasimplelifecouldbe,helivedinahutbesideConcord'sWaldenPond;essaysrecordinghisdailylifewereassembledforhismasterwork,Walden(1854).JohnMiltonEnglishpoet(1608—1674).MiltonattendedCambridgeUniversity(1625—1632),wherehewrotepoemsinLatin,Italian,andEnglish.HisepicmasterpiecesincludeParadiseLost(1667),ParadiseRegained(1671),anepicinwhichChristovercomesSatanthetempter,andSamsonAgonistes(1671)consideredsecondonlytoW.ShakespeareinthehistoryofEnglish-languagepoetry,Miltonhadanimmenseinfluenceonlaterliterature.WilliamWordsworthEnglishpoet(1770—1850).Orphanedat13,WordsworthattendedCambridgeUniv.,butremainedrootlessandvirtuallypennilessuntil1795,whenalegacymadepossibleareunionwithhissisterD.Wordsworth.HebecamefriendswithS.T.Coleridge,withwhomhewroteLyricalBallads(1798),thecollectionoftenconsideredtohavelaunchedtheEnglishRomanticMovement.In1843hebecameEngland'spoetlaureate.HeisregardedasthecentralfigureintheinitiationofEnglishRomanticism.WomeninUSlivingalone1.WhyaretheremoreandmoreAmericanwomenchoosingtobealone?2.Howtoexplainthisphenomenon?视频播放Mainideaofthetext?Thereadingpassagefocusesonasocialphenomenon—choosingtobealoneonpurpose.Thepassagemainlytellsus:whatlivingaloneis,whatpeoplethinkoflivingalone,whopreferlivingalone,theauthor’scommentsonlivingaloneandwhatheadvisesforlivinginsolitude.Livingalone–acommonsocialphenomenon.PartI(para.1)PartII(para.2）Whatdopeoplethinkoflivingalone?Theauthormentions3famousliterarygiantswhochoosetobealoneandtellsuswhatmessagewecandrawfromthepeoplewhochoosetobealone.PartⅢ(paras.3-10)Theauthormakeshiscommentsonlivingalone.PartⅣ(paras.11-16)e.g.Shediditonpurpose,ofcourse.她当然是故意那样做的。1.…tobealoneonpurpose,…(Para.2)purposely故意的onpurposee.g.Wehavefoundameeting–placethatwillserveourpurpose.我们找到了一个很合适的会址。e.g.It’sevidentthatshespoketothepurposeatthemeeting.她在会上的发言很中肯，这是很明显的。扩展e.g.Hemanagedtoseekouthisfriendinthecrowd.他设法在人群中找出了自己的朋友。2.Theyallspeakhighlyofthemselvesforseekingitout,…(Para.3)findsth.orsb.bylookinghard找出，搜寻出seekoute.g.Sheisbeautifulandbenignandtheembodimentofallthefinestqualitiesofaloyalandlovingwife.她非常漂亮温柔，体现了一位忠贞可爱的妻子的全部美德。3.“Howgraceful,hoebenign,issolitude,”hewrote.(Para.4)benigna.kindandgentle善良的，慈祥的4.…hecallsthegirlstocomebackandwriteitdownwhilehedictates.(Para.6)e.g.Shespentthemorningdictatingletterstohersecretary.她花了一上午向她的秘书口述信件。dictatev.speaksth.aloudforanotherpersonorforamachinetorecordthewordssaid听写，口授5.Thelargertheego,thelesstheneedforotheregosaround.(Para.10)n.one’sideaoropinionofoneself,oragreatfeelingofone’sownimportanceandability自我，自尊心egoe.g.I'mgladshegotthejob—sheneededsomethingtoboostherego.我很高兴她得到了那份工作——她需要那份工作来增强她的自尊心。e.g.Thatmanhasgotsuchanenormousego—I'veneverknownanyonesofullofthemselves.那个人非常自负，我从来没有见过那么以自我为中心的人。egoism:n.自我主义；自私；利己egoist:n.自私自利者；自我中心者egoistic(al):a.自私自利的；利己主义的ego-trip:n.(俚）以自我为中心的活动e.g.Herlifeisjustonebigego-trip.她的一生都是以自我为中心的。扩展e.g.Idoquiteahumblejobatthehospital.我在医院从事很普通的工作。6.Themoremodestandhumblewefeel,themorewesufferfromsolitude.(Para.10)adj.havingalowopinionofoneself谦逊的，谦虚的e.g.Hestrikesmeasaveryhumbleperson.他的谦虚给我留下了深刻的印象。humbleI’myourhumbleservant.7.…youcanstretchoutyoursoul…(Para.11)lengthensth.bypulling;causetoreachforward,aswiththehands拉长，伸长，伸出e.g.Hestretchedoutonthegrass.他手脚伸开着躺在草地上。stretchoute.g.Shedoesn’thaveallthequalificationsbutIthinkweshouldstretchapointinherfavour.她并非全部合格，但我认为我们可以为她放开一些限制。扩展stretchone’slegs去散步8.…peoplewecancalltosaywelostourjoborfellonaslipperyfloorandbrokeourarm.(Para12)a.1)difficulttoholdortostandon,driveon,etc.滑的e.g.Theroadsareslipperyaftertherain.雨后道路很滑。slipperye.g.Onceyou'vegivenintotemptationforthefirsttimeyou‘reontheslipperyslope.一旦你经不住第一次诱惑，以后就无法抵制得住。e.g.He'sasslipperyasaneel—youcannevergetastraightansweroutofhim.他像鳝鱼般难以捉摸——你永远不可能从他口里得到直接的回答。a.2)nottobetrusted,shifty圆滑e.g.Shewaschokedwithanger.她气得说不出话来。9.…andobservationsandopinionsthatbacksupandchokesus.(Para.12)v.1）becomeormakesb.Becomeunabletospeak说不出话来e.g.Thesurprisefarewellpartyleftthemallchokedup.这一意外的告别聚会令他们激动得说不出话来。choke扩展e.g.Hewasprettychokedaboutbeingdroppedfromteam.他因为队里未重用他而耿耿于怀。e.g.Anelderlymanchokedtodeathinhishome.昨天一个老人在家因窒息而死。2）stoporpartlystopbreathing窒息choked:a.心烦，愤怒。通常做表语。短语chokesth.back克制，抑制chokesb.off粗鲁地或突然阻止某人chokesth.down困难地咽下某物chokesth.upwithsth.用某物填满某物10.…opinionsthatbacksupand…(Para12)2)support,esp.inanargument支持backupe.g.Thecorrespondencehasbeenbackingupforseveraldays.待处理的信件已积压了好几天。1)causetoblockup使积压，使拥塞e.g.Thepolicemanwouldn'thavebelievedmeifyouhadn'tbackedmeup.如果当时你不支持我，警察是不会相信我的。Theyareworriedthattheothersidewill________oftheagreements.Eventhoughitwasobviousherideaswereunworkable,shewouldn’t__________.Thechild___________fromthebigdog.扩展backdo