GRAMMAR语法定语从句:关系副词when,where和why的用法1.当定语从句所修饰的先行词是表示时间的名词时,用when,在定语从句中充当时间状语。也可以用介词+which来代替when。(1)Iwillneverforgetthedaywhen(onwhich)Iwenttouniversity.我永远也不会忘记我去上大学的那一天。(2)ThedarkdayswhentheJapaneseruledChinaaregone.日本统治中国的黑暗时代一去不复返了。2.当定语从句修饰表示地点的的名词时,用where,在定语从句中充当地点状语。(1)ThereisashopwhereIcangetschoolthings.有一个我可以买学习用品的商店。(2)Ihavefoundapeacefulplacewherewecanstudy.我找到了一个能学习的安静的地方。3.当定语从句所修饰的词是表示原因的词时,用why,在定语从句中做原因状语。(1)Thisisthereasonwhyhewasabsent.这就是他为什么缺席的原因。(why=forwhich)(2)Idon’tknowthereasonwhyhedidit.我不明白他为什么这么做的原因。使用定语从句时应避免的错误1.定语从句中数和性的错误关系代词在定语从句中做主语时,定语从句的谓语动词要和先行词的性、数保持一致。【误】ThisisoneofthebookswhichwaswrittenbyLuXun.【正】ThisisoneofthebookswhichwerewrittenbyLuXun.这是鲁迅所写的书中的一本。(本句的先行词是books,因此was应改为were。)【误】HeistheonlyoneoftheboyswhohavelearnedFrench.【正】HeistheonlyoneoftheboyswhohaslearnedFrench.他是这些孩子中唯一一个学习法语的人。(先行词是one,定语从句的谓语应用单数动词has。)【误】I,whoisaChinese,willdomybestforourcountry.【正】I,whoamaChinese,willdomybestforourcountry.2.定语从句中重复了被关系代词或关系副词所替代的部分。【误】ThisisthemostbeautifulplacethatIhavevisitedit.【正】ThisisthemostbeautifulplacethatIhavevisited.这是我去过的最美的地方。(应去掉it,因that代替先行词themostbeautifulplace在定语从句中作visit的宾语,再加it就是多余的了。)【误】TheschoolwhereIworkedthereisafamousone.【正】TheschoolwhereIworkedisafamousone.我所工作过的学校是一所著名的学校。(应去掉there,因where引导定语从句,又在从句中代替intheschool作状语。)3.省略了定语从句中作主语的关系代词。【误】Thetomatoeswereonthetableweregiventoyou.【正】Thetomatoesthatwereonthetableweregiventoyou.【注意】关系代词的省略与否请注意下列几种情况:1.关系代词作主语不能省略。2.作动词宾语的关系代词可以省略;作介词宾语的关系代词,如果不直接位于介词后可以省略,如果直接作介词的宾语,即介词+关系代词,不能省略。3.关系代词which在非限定性定语从句中不能省略。4.定语从句中加了多余的介词或副词。如:【误】Theroomwherelivesinisbiggerthanmine.【正】Theroomhelivesinisbiggerthanmine.或Theroomwherehelivesisbiggerthanmine.(应去掉从句中的in,因为where是关系副词相当于inwhich,这样in就是多余的不分了;或者去掉关系副词,这样从句中可视为省略which)【误】Thisisthetimeatwhenwegohomeeveryday.【正】Thisisthetimewhenwegohomeeveryday.或Thisisthetimeatwhichwegohomeeveryday.(应去掉at,因为when相当于atwhich。或者把when改为which)