音标学习笔记

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英文音标(48个)英文音标包括20个元音和28个辅音。元音(20个)元音发音是气体从身体里出来没有受到口腔和鼻腔的阻碍。另外元音发音声带一定会震动。单元音(5对10个+2个独立)舌头在口腔的位置单元音(有冒号的叫长元音,没有冒号的叫短元音)前元音i:i(I)eæ中元音ʌə:(З:)ə后元音u:u(ʊ)ɔ:ɔ(ɒ)a:[i:]定义:舌抵下齿,双唇扁平作微笑状,发“一”之长音。举例如下:ee:threetreegreensheepmeetbeefseeseekbee蜜蜂;ea:eateastteameatleaveleadteacherteammeanspeakcleanpleaseleaf;e:hesheme;ie:piece;ei:receiveceiling;ey:key。[i]或[I]定义:舌抵下齿,双唇扁平分开,牙床近于全舌,发短促之“一”音。举例如下:i:sitpictureitislistsixmixfixfitpigbigbuildmissgiveliveshiplisten;y:mythmanytwentyhappydictionarystudy;ey:money;e:defectdecidedelicious。[æ]定义:双唇扁平,舌前微升,舌尖顶下齿,牙床开(嘴张开90度),软鄂升起,唇自然开放。举例如下:a:baghandandanthappyhatmapmadbadblackbackgladflagshallmancatcapappleat。[e]定义:舌近硬鄂,舌尖顶下齿,牙床半开半合(嘴张开45度),作微笑状。举例如下:ea:headbreadpleasure;e:elephantelectricremembersellshelllessonbetterbeddeskhotelyestestrestbeggetletfriendbelllegeggpen;a:manyany。[ɑ:]定义:双唇张而不圆,牙床大开,舌后微升,舌尖向后升缩微离下齿,发“阿”之长音。举例如下:ar:carfarmcardarmgardenparkfardarkstarhard;a:fastclasslastglassplantauntcalmpass。[ʌ]定义:双唇平放,牙床半开,舌尖抵住下龈,舌后微微升起,发短促之“阿”音。举例如下:u:usupsupperlunchfungunhuntcupbusunderbut;o:comemotherdosebrotherloveabove;ou:troubleroughflourishtouch;oo:bloodflood。[ə:]或[З:]定义:舌上抬,唇成自然状态,口半开半闭,发“厄”之长音。举例如下:ir:girlshirtskirtthirtythirteenthirdbirdbirthdaydirt;ur:turnburnmurdernurseturtleThursdayburgerpurse;ear:learnearnearthheardearly;er:termhernerdserve;or:workwormworkerworldword。[ə]定义:舌上抬,唇成自然状态,口半开半闭,发“厄”之短音。er:teacherleaderrememberplayerspeakerfarmerpowdersuger;or:doctoractormayorauthortractor;ou:deliciousgraciousfamous;ea:pleasure;?ar:familiarcollardollar;o:togethertomorrowtodayshalloplessonWashingtoncontrolpolitewomanpolicecolorlesson;a:aroundaccountagoelephantmantabananaCanadaJapanchinapanda;e:menlisten;u:famulus;re:picture;ur:Saturday。[u:]定义:双唇成圆形,牙床近于半合,舌尖不触下齿,自然而不用力,发“屋”之长音。举例如下:oo:foodmoonroomgloombroomdoomgoosetoothschoolzoocoolshoot;o:shoedotwowho;u:truetruthbluefullprudesuitrulerfruit;ou:you。?[u]或[ʊ]定义:双唇成圆形,牙床近于半合,舌尖不触下齿,自然而不用力,发短促之“屋”音。举例如下:oo:lookgoodfootbookwoodcooktook;ou:shouldcould;u:putfullbullpullpush;o:womanwolf。[ɔ:]定义:双唇界于开闭、圆唇之间,牙床半开渐至全开,舌尖卷上再过渡为卷后,发长音窝。举例如下:al:smallwalltalktallhallballcallwalk;or:shortmorelordhorseforfortysportdoorfloorstore;au:authorcaughtautumn;our:fourmourncourtbought;ar:warmquarrelquarter;a:water;oor:doorfloordoor;aw:saw。[ɔ]或[ɒ]定义:双唇稍微向外突出圆形,舌后升起,舌尖不触下齿,发短音窝。举例如下:o:hotlostlotfoxboxmophoplosscollarnotdogorangebottle;a:wantwashwatchwhatballcallhall;ough:bought。双元音(8个)双元音发音,其实就是第一个元音滑向第二个元音的发音方式即可。双元音又分为开合双元音和集合双元音,具体分类如下:类型双元音开合双元音ei(eI)ai(aI)ɔi(ɔI)əu(əʊ)au(aʊ)集合双元音iə(Iə)ɛə(eə)uə(ʊə)开合双元音(5个)[ei]或[eI]定义:舌类顶下齿,牙床半开半合,双唇扁平,由发“哀”平稳过渡到发“一”之长音。举例如下:a:namecakelategateplaneApriagedatewaitrace;ay:playsaymaywayday;ea:greatbreak;ai:rainpaintplain;ey:theygrey;eigh:eight。[ai]或[aI]定义:将口张开略圆,舌后升起,舌尖向后收缩,由发“阿”音平稳过渡到发“一”音。举例如下:i:bikefinefinddieninelightnighthighhiricelike;y:mytryflyeye;ye:bye;uy:buy。[ɔi]或[ɔI]定义:双唇外突成圆形,发“奥”音逐渐过渡为双唇扁平分开,发“一”之短音。举例如下:oy:boytoyjoy;oi:oilsoilvoicechoicejoinnoise。[əu]或[əʊ]定义:口半开半合,舌后微升,过渡成双唇成圆形,发“欧”之长音。举例如下:o:homecoldgonophonehostghostnote;ow:knowlowbelowgrowblowshowflowownbowl;oa:boatcoatgoal;ou:shoulder。[au]或[aʊ]定义:将口张开略圆,渐渐合拢,双唇成圆形,由发“阿”音平稳过渡到发“屋”音。举例如下:ou:houseoutflourgroundaccountcountsoundloudaroundmouse;ow:flowerdownnowcowhowtownbrown。集合双元音(3个)[iə]或[Iə]定义:双唇张开岈床由窄至半开舌抵下齿逐渐过渡至上卷,从“一”音过渡到“厄”音。举例如下:eer:beerdeer;ear:earnearfear;ere:here;ea:idea。[ɛə]或[eə]定义:双唇张开后略圆,牙床张开相当宽,舌尖卷上渐至卷后。发“e额”。举例如下:ear:pearbear;air:chairairfairhair;ere:therewhere;are:caredarecarefully;eir:their。[uə]或[ʊə]定义:双唇成圆形,牙床近于半合,舌尖不触下齿,发“屋”之长音,然后从“屋”音过渡到“厄”音。举例如下:our:hourtour;ure:sure;oor:poor;uar:February;ower:flowershower。?辅音(28个)辅音发音是气体从身体里出来会受到口腔或鼻腔的阻碍。辅音不一定都会震动声带,其中浊辅音声带会震动,轻辅音不会震动。成对轻浊辅音(10对,20个)轻辅音ptkfθ浊辅音bdgvð轻辅音sʃtʃtrts浊辅音zʒdʒdrdz[p]定义:双唇紧闭并使气流突破双唇外泻。发泼。举例如下:p:penpetpaperplantpigplay;pp:apple。[b]定义:双唇紧闭并使气流突破双唇外泻且振动声带。发波。举例如下:b:boyballbedbagbee。[t]定义:双唇微开,先用舌尖抵上齿龈,然后突然张开,使气流外冲而成音。发特。举例如下:t:timetablestaytoyboatcoatgoattalk。[d]定义:双唇微开,先用舌尖抵上齿龈,然后突然张开,使气流外冲而成音,并振动声带。发的。举例如下:d:dogdodaydoctordatedesk。[k]定义:用舌根抵住后颚,再突然张开,使空气外冲而成音,发咳。举例如下:k:kitekingkitchenkeymilkcook;c:cancarcakecup;ck:tricklock。[g]定义:用舌根抵住后颚,再突然张开,使空气外冲而成音,振动声带。发哥。举例如下:g:getgogirlgoodglassgrassgivebag;gg:egg。[f]定义:上齿轻触下唇,用力将气息由唇齿之缝隙间吹出。发夫。举例如下:f:footfeetfogfatfastfacefinelifefirefatherfoxfish;ph:phonephotoelephantlaugh。[v]定义:上齿轻触下唇,用力将气息由唇齿之缝隙间吹出,须振动声带。发“呜”音。举例如下:v:vanvoicesevenelevenloveviewveryviolinleavevasefivewave;f:of。[θ]定义:舌尖轻抵上齿,送出气流,并使舌齿互相摩擦。发θ时伸出舌头,声带不震动,发“斯”的音。举例如下:th:thinthankthreebothcloththingmouthbirthday。[ð]定义:舌尖轻抵上齿,再送出气流,但须振动声带,并使舌齿互相摩擦。发日。举例如下:th:thisthatthesethosethanbrothermother。[s]定义:双唇微开,上下齿接近于合拢状态,舌尖抵住下龈,气流从牙缝送出。发丝举例如下:s:sixsingsnowsunseasellsamesnakemouse;ce:iceface;c:cinemacity。[z]定义:双唇微开,上下齿接近于合拢状态,舌尖抵住下龈,气流从牙缝送出,须振动声带。发兹。举例如下:z:zoozeropizzaprize;se:thesethosenose;s:eyeskneesmusic。[ʃ]定义:双唇微开,向前突出,舌尖升近上龈,用力将气息送出来,发“师”音,声带不振动。举例如下:sh:shipshoeshopshortshewashsheepshareshake;s:sure。[ʒ]定义:双唇微开,向前突出,舌尖升近上龈,用力将气息送出来,须振动声带。发震动的师????举例如下:ge:garage;s:usuallyusualpleasurecasualtreasure;si:decisiontelevision。[tʃ]定义:双唇微开,先用舌尖抵上齿龈,突然张开,使气流外冲而成音,发“企”音。介于吃和七中间的一个音。举例如下:ch:chai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