英语第37讲主谓一致【真题体验】1.Look!Therearesome__C__onthefarm.(2014,铜仁)A.chickenB.gooseC.sheepD.cow2.Thesummerholidayiscoming,sothetwinsaswellasJack__B__toHongKongforvacation.(2014,黄石)A.isgoingB.aregoingC.goesD.go3.—Whatdoyouthinkoftheenvironmenthere?—Wonderful!__A__oftheland________coveredwithtreesandgrass.(2014,随州)A.Twofifths;isB.Twofifth;isC.Twofifths;areD.Twofifth;are4.Anumberofvolunteers__B__fromfarawaycities.(2014,孝感)A.isB.areC.iscomeD.arecome5.InChina,plentyofrubbish__C__everydaybecauseofthelargepopulation.(2014,玉林)A.isproducingB.areproducingC.isproducedD.areproduced【考点梳理】中考对主谓一致的考查主要包括以下三点:1.学科名词作主语;表示时间、长度、价格、质量等短语作主语;the+姓氏名词复数作主语;一些以s结尾的不可数名词作主语,如news,maths;不定代词+名词作主语,如bothof,neither等。2.主语后带有with,except,like等介词短语。3.就近原则,如therebe句型,either…or…,notonly…butalso…等。主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致。因此,找出句子的真正主语是关键。同时,要遵循三个原则:语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近原则。高频考点一语法一致原则语法一致即主语是单数形式时,谓语动词就用单数形式;主语是复数形式时,谓语动词就用复数形式。1.当and连接两个或多个名词,或both…and…连接两个名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。如:TomandMikearegoodfriends.汤姆和迈克是好朋友。BothLucyandLilyarestudents.露西和莉莉都是学生。2.不定代词either,neither,anybody,anything,someone,somebody,everyone,everything,nobody,noone,nothing等作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。如:Isthereanythingwrongwithyourbike?你的自行车有什么毛病吗?Everyoneisreadyforthesportsmeeting.大家都在为运动会做准备。3.由each,each…andeach…,every…andevery…,every…作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。如:Eachboyandeachgirlwasgivenanewbook.每一个男孩和每一个女孩都得到了一本新书。4.主语后有with,alongwith,togetherwith,aswellas,nolessthan,morethan,including,besides,like,except,but等词或短语时,谓语动词的单复数形式由主语的单复数形式决定。如:MrGreenwithhiswifeandtwodaughtersiscomingtoBeijing.格林先生将和他的妻子及两个女儿一块儿来北京。5.“anumberof+名词复数”作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式;“thenumberof+名词复数”作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。如:Anumberoftreesarecutdown.许多树木被砍倒了。Thenumberofstudentsinourclassis32.我们班学生人数为32。6.“alotof(lotsof,plentyof,apileof,pilesof,mostof)+名词”和“分数或百分数+名词”等作主语时,谓语动词的单复数形式取决于名词,如果是不可数名词,则谓语动词用单数形式;如果是可数名词复数,则谓语动词用复数形式。如:Lotsofpeoplehavebeenthere.很多人去过那儿。7.由“apair(akind,aseries…)+of+复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式;“pairs(kinds…)+of+复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。如:Apairofsunglassesislyingonthetable.一副太阳镜放在桌子上。Fifteenpairsofshoesaremadeeachday.每天能制做15双鞋。8.某些只有复数形式的名词(如clothes,trousers,shorts,pants,shoes,gloves…)作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。如:Myshoeswerewornout.我的鞋子穿坏了。9.不定式或动名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。如:Readingislearning.读书就是学习。【例1】Oh!Jenniferwithherparents__A__dinnerthere.(2014,齐齐哈尔)A.ishavingB.arehavingC.haveD.having点拨:主语后有with时,谓语动词单复数由主语决定。此句主语为Jennifer,故谓语用单数。【例2】Chopsticks_B_everydaywhenpeopleeatChinesefood.A.isusedB.areusedC.wasusedD.wereused点拨:chopsticks作主语,是复数形式;谓语动词应用复数,由句意可知是每天被使用,应用被动语态。高频考点二意义一致原则意义一致又叫概念一致,即谓语动词用单数形式还是复数形式要看主语所表达的概念。1.由and连接的两个名词,如果是指同一概念(即and后面无冠词),则谓语动词用单数形式。如:Theteacherandwriteriscomingtogiveusareportnextweek.那位老师兼作家下周要来给我们作报告。Thesingeranddancerhasbeeninvitedtotheparty.那位歌唱家兼舞蹈家被邀请参加了聚会。2.表示金钱、价格、时间、长度等复数名词、词组作主语时,一般被看做一个整体,谓语动词常用单数形式。如:Threeyearsisalongtime.三年是一段很长的时间。3.集体名词(如family,team,crowd,company,class,group,government…)如果表示整体概念,则谓语动词用单数形式;如果表示集体中的成员,则谓语动词用复数形式。如:Myfamilyisasmallonewiththreepeople.我家是一个有三口人的小家庭。4.people,police,cattle等集合名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。如:Thepolicearehelpingagirlfindhermother.警察正在帮助一个女孩找妈妈。5.算式中,表示加法和乘法时谓语动词可用单数形式,也可用复数形式,但表示减法和除法时谓语动词必须用单数形式。如:Whatis/arethreetimesthree?3乘以3是多少?【例3】—Doyouneedmoretimetocompletethetask?—Yes.Anothertendays_A__enough.(2014,广东)A.isB.wasC.areD.were点拨:答句主语为anothertendays,时间作主语,谓语动词用单数形式。由问句可知应用现在时。高频考点三就近原则有时谓语动词的形式与主语并不一致,而是与靠近它的名词一致,这种原则叫做就近原则,又叫做邻近原则。1.由either…or…,neither…nor…,notonly…but(also)…,not…but…或or连接两个并列主语时,谓语动词与较近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。如:NotonlymyparentsbutalsoIamlookingforwardtomeetingmyuncle.不但我父母而且我也盼望看到我叔叔。NotonlyJimbutalsohisparentswanttoliveinChina.不仅吉姆而且他的父母也想居住在中国。Heoryouhavetakenmypen.他或你拿了我的钢笔。2.Therebe…和Herebe…这两个句式中的be动词常与最近的主语在数上保持一致。如:Thereisanappleandtwobananasonthetable.桌子上有一个苹果和两根香蕉。【例4】There_C_abookandsomepensinthebag.Pleasegivethemtotheoldman.(2014,毕节)A.beB.areC.isD.have点拨:主语为abookandsomepens,谓语应和最近的主语保持一致。therebe表示“在某地有某物”。【例5】Notonlyyoubutalsohe_A_thesecret.(2014,六盘水)A.knowsB.knowC.haveknownD.toknow点拨:notonly...butalso...连接两个主语时,谓语动词单复数与相邻的主语单复数保持一致。【例6】There_C_someflowersontheteacher'sdeskjustnow,butnowthere________nothingonit.A.have;hasB.were;hasC.were;isD.has;has点拨:第一空应根据someflowers来确定谓语动词应用复数,justnow表明是过去时;第二空根据nothing来判断谓语动词应用单数。1.—What__A__thenumberofthestudentsinyourschool?(2014,泰安)—Abouttwothousand.Anumberofthem________fromthecountryside.A.is;areB.is;isC.are;isD.are;are2.—Howdoyoulikethesetwobooks?(2014,益阳)—__A__ofthemareinteresting.AndI'vereadthemseveraltimes.A.BothB.NeitherC.NoneD.Either3.—Icalledyouat5:00yesterdayafternoon,butnooneanswered.—Sorry,Iwithmyparents__A__atthattime.(2014,达州)A.wasshoppingB.wereshoppingC.areshoppingD.wentshoppingos4.Look,thesetofkeys__C__ontheteacher'sdesk.(2014,安顺)A.areB.wereC.isD.was5.—Anumberofpeople__A__killedbytheterroristsattheUrumqitrainstation.—________terribleitis!(2014,鄂州)A.were;HowB.was;HowC.were;WhatD.was;What6.Thesickboy,togetherwithhisparents,__D__tothehospital.A.sendsB.sendC.weresentD.wassent7.There_A_somemilkandtwoeggsonthetable.(2014,永州)A.isB.areC.hasD.have8.EveryoneexceptTomandJohn__D__therewhenthemeetingbegan.(2013,威海)A.areB.isC.we