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Unit1WomenofachievementLearningaboutlanguage高一人教新课标版必修四1Findthewordorphrasefromthepreviouspagesofthisunitforeachofthesemeanings.1._____closeconnectionthatpeoplehavewitheachother.2._____homemadeinatreeusuallyforabird.bondnestDiscoveringusefulwordsandexpressions3.________organizationwithaspecialpurpose,especiallyforresearchorteaching4._________(ofthoughts,questions,etc)tofillone’smind.5.___________theperiodoftimewhensomeoneisachildinstitutecrowdinchildhood6._________givingopinionsopenlyandhonestly7.________tomoveawayfromaplace;toleave8._______happinessandhealthofpeople;moneypaidbythegovernment9._______taskthatrequiresalotoftimeandeffort.outspokenmoveoffwelfareproject2Fillinthechartwiththeproperverbornounform.verbnounverbnounachieveconnectbehaviourorganizebehaveachievementconnectionorganizationverbnounverbnounobservationinspirationspecializeargumentadvertisementpermitspecialistadvertiseobservearguepermissioninspireKeyforExercise3:1.observed2.worthwhile3.argue4.respectSubject–verbagreementGrammarTheboy___diving.They____diving.BothJackandTim___diving.Allofthem____diving.NeitherJacknorTim___walking.isareareisareFinishthefollowingexercises.Theteam____somegoodplayers.(have)Theteam____handsome.(be)hasareThesingeranddancer_____onthestage.isAknifeandfork____usedtohavemeals.isBobBob_____aworker.isMikeMikeandBob_____workers.areBothMikeandBob_______workers.areNeitherMikenorBob_______ateacher.isNeitherofthem___________(know)howtoteachEnglish.knows/knowNoneofthem___________(know)howtoteachEnglish.knows/knowNeitheroftherabbits______handsome.Neitherdog_____big.Neitherofthem______big.isis/areNeitherrabbit_____handsome.isis/are主谓一致主谓一致是指谓语在人称和数上必须和主语的人称和数保持一致。这是英语语法中必须遵循的基本规则。主谓一致主要有以下几种情况：二、意义一致原则三、就近原则一、语法一致原则一、语法一致主语为单数形式,谓语动词也用单数形式;主语为复数形式,谓语动词也用复数形式。e.g.Ioftenhelphimandheoftenhelpsme.Weoftenhelpeachother.不可数名词作主语,谓语动词用单数；可数名词的复数形式作主语,谓语动词用复数。二、意义一致主语形式虽为单数,但意义为复数,谓语动词用复数;主语形式为复数,而意义为单数,谓语动词用单数。如：Thecrowdweresurroundingthegovernmentofficial.人群包围了这位政府官员。Mathsishardtolearn.数学难学。三、就近原则就近原则即谓语动词的单复数形式取决于最靠近它的主语。Thereisapenandtwopencilsonthedesk.桌子上有一支钢笔和两支铅笔。注意:1.and连接两个或两个以上单数名词或代词作主语时,谓语动词有以下两种情况:1)and连接两个或两个以上不同的人或物作主语时,谓语动词用复数。如：HeandIarebothstudentsofthisschool.Timeandtidewaitfornoman.岁月不饶人。2)如果连接两个或两个以上的并列结构是指同一个人或物,或指同一概念时,谓语动词用单数,这时and后面的名词前不加冠词。如:表整体概念的并列结构breadandbutterknifeandforkironandsteellawandorder配套事物：awatchandchainaneedleandthreadTheknifeandforkisonthedesk.刀叉放在桌子上。2.主语后面带有with,alongwith,togetherwith,aswellas,besides,like,without,except,including,but等引导的短语时,谓语动词必须与前面的主语在人称和数上保持一致。e.g.Theteacher,togetherwithhisstudents,isplantingtreesinthegarden.老师和同学们正在花园里种树。E-mail,aswellasthetelephones,______playinganimportantpartindailycommunication.is3.如果主语是不定式,动词-ing形式或主语从句时,谓语动词用单数。Whatheisdoingseemsveryimportant.他正在做什么看起来很重要。Servingthepeopleismygreathappiness.为人民服务是我最大的幸福。4.用连接的并列主语被each,every或no修饰时,谓语动词用单数。Everyboyandeverygirlintheclassisdiligent.班里的每个男孩女孩都很用功。5.eachof+复数代词,谓语动用单数。复数代词+each,谓语动词用单数。Eachofushassomethingtosay.Weeachhavesomethingtosay.我们每个人都有些话要说。6.不定代词all,more,some,any,none等作主语时,谓语动词视情况而定。可用单数,也可用复数;但当它指代不可数名词时看作单数,谓语动词用单数。Alltheapplesarerotten.Alltheappleisrotten.Noneofusare/isperfect.Noneofthemoneyisleft.7.复合不定代词作主语时,谓语动词用单数。Someoneiscallingyou.有人叫你。Nothingisfoundintheroom.在屋里找不到什么东西。8.名词如trousers,scissors,clothes,goods,glasses等作主语时,谓语动词必须用复数;而形复义单的名词如news,以-ics结尾的学科名称如physics,politics,国名如theUnitedStates;报纸名如theNewTimes;书名如GreatExpectations《远大前程》,以及theUnitedNations作主语时,谓语动词用单数。如：Thescissorsaresharp.Nonewsisgoodnews.GreatExpectationswaswrittenbyCharlesDickensin1860.9.集体名词作主语,谓语动词可用单数，也可用复数,主要由句子的意思决定。强调整体时用单数,强调整体中的个体的用复数。这类名词有people,family,class,population,crowd,team,ground等。Hisfamilyisgoingout.他们全家要外出。Hisfamilyareallmusiclovers.他们全家都是音乐爱好者。10.有些名词单复数形式相同,作主语时,谓语动词由上下文决定。这类名词有means,deer,sheep,Chinese,Japanese,fish等。如：Noteverymeansisuseful.并非每种方法都有效。Notallmeansareuseful.并非所有的方法都有效。11.表示一类人的“the+形容词(分词)”作主语时,谓语动词用复数。Thesickintheaccidenthavebeentakentothehospital.Thelosthavebeenfound.12.表示时间、金钱、距离、度量等名词作主语时,不管单复数形式,其谓语动词用单数。如：Thirtyyearsisnotalongtime.30年的时间并不长。Twohoursisenoughformetofinishthework.两个小时对我来说完成这项工作足够了。13.therestof,halfof,majorityof,partof,alotof,lotsof,oneof,anumberof,aplentyof,percentof以及分数词等作主语时,谓语动词的单复数取决于后面名词的数,即就近原则。如：Apartofthestudentshavearrived.Apartoftheapplehasbeeneatenbythemouse.14.在表存在的therebe句式中,主语是两个或多个并列名词(短语),be的形式与最近的一个名词(短语)保持一致。Thereisapen,twopencilsandseveralbooksonthedesk.=Therearetwopencils,apenandseveralbooksonthedesk.=Thereareseveralbooks,apenandtwopencilsonthedesk.15.由here,there等引导的倒装句中,若主语不止一个时,谓语动词与最近的主语保持一致。如：Herecomesthebus.Hereisapenandtwobooksforyou.16.用连词or,either…or,neither…nor,notonly…butalso等连接并列主语时，谓语动词应与最近的主语保持一致。如：NeitheryounorIamwrong.NeitherInoryouarewrong.Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheteacherenjoyslisteningtothemusic.Notonlytheteacherbutalsothestudentsenjoylisteningtothemusic.用所给动词的正确形式填空。1.Heaswellashistwofriends___(be)goingforapicnicthisSaturday.2.Accordingtothereport,threehoursofoutdoorexerciseaweek____(be)goodforone’shealth.isis3.T