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延安大学延安大学外国语学院AnEmpiricalStudyoftheEffectsofOutputHypothesisonIncidentalVocabularyAcquisitionByChenJingjingSupervisedbyAssociateProfessorLiuBainingSchoolofForeignlanguages,Yan’anUniversity2012.06.09延安大学外国语学院Why?How?What?TheOutlineofPresentation延安大学外国语学院TheOutlineofMyThesis1.Introduction2.LiteratureReview3.ResearchMethodology4.ResultsandDiscussions5.Conclusion延安大学外国语学院ResearchOrientation:WhydoIchoosethethemeformystudy?Itisacontroversialissuewhetheroutputistheresultofacquisitionorthecauseofacquisitionandwhetheroutputprocessisrelatedtolearningprocess.ItisquitenaturalthatmanyL2teachersfeeluncertainabouthowtoguidetheirstudents.Shouldtheyrequiretheirstudentstolearnwordsintentionallearningisnotconducivetolanguagelearning?12延安大学外国语学院ResearchQuestionsQ1:Q2:Q3:Dooutputtasksfacilitatetheacquisitionofnewwords?Whatconditionscauseacquisitionofnewwordsinoutputtasks?Astheacquisitionofnewwords,dolearnersofoutputtasksperformbetterthanlearnersofcomprehensiontasks?Whatisthedifferencebetweenlearnersofoutputtasksandlearnersofcomprehensiontaskstowardsthenewwords’retention?延安大学外国语学院TheoriesRelatedtoThisStudyRelatedTheoriesOutputHypothesisInformationProcessingModelInvolvementLoadHypothesis延安大学外国语学院How?ResearchDesignSubjectsInstrumentsProcedures延安大学外国语学院ProceduresGroupPilotStudyTreatmentImmediatePosttestDelayedPosttestControl(n=51)PilotStudyImmediatePosttestDelayedPosttestComprehensiontask(n=48)PilotStudyTrueorfalsetaskImmediatePosttestDelayedPosttestProductiontask(n=49)PilotStudyTextreconstructiontaskImmediatePosttestDelayedPosttestTable3.1DesignofExperiment延安大学外国语学院What?ResultsofExperimentPretestImmediateTestDelayedTestComparison延安大学外国语学院PretestGroupMeanStd.DeviationControl(n=51).00.000Comprehension(n=48).16.367Production(n=49).65.483Table4.1DescriptiveStatisticsofPretest延安大学外国语学院ImmediateTestGroupMeanStd.deviationGain1Control(n=51)3.241.5253.24Comprehension(n=48)5.421.6175.27Production(n=49)5.881.5795.23Table4.2DescriptiveStatisticsofImmediateTest延安大学外国语学院DelayedTestTable4.3DescriptiveStatisticsofDelayedTestGroupMeanStd.deviationGain2Control(n=51)1.781.0641.78Comprehension(n=48)4.051.4133.89Production(n=49)4.261.4643.61延安大学外国语学院FindingsfromtheComparison(I)(J)MeanDifferenceStd.ErrorSig.95%CondifenceIntervalLowerBoundUpperBoundLSD123-2.0222-1.9847.3469.3415.000.000-2.707-2.685-1.337-1.3102132.0222.0375.3469.3415.000.9131.337-.63642.707.71143121.9847-.0375.3415.3415.000.9131.310-.71142.658.6364Themeandifferenceissignificantatthe.05Table4.4One-wayANOVA:PostHocMultipleComparisonsofGain1.Note:1=controlgroup,2=comprehensiongroup,3=productiongroupImmediatetest-pretest延安大学外国语学院FindingsfromtheComparison(I)(J)MeanDifferenceStd.ErrorSig.95%CondifenceIntervalLowerBoundUpperBoundLSD123-2.11461-1.83622.32002.31498.000.000-2.7461-2.4578-1.4831-1.21462132.11461.27839.32002.31498.000.3781.4831-.34322.7461.90003121.83622-.27839.31498.31498.000.3781.2146-.90002.4578.3432Themeandifferenceissignificantatthe.05level.Table4.5One-wayANOVA:PostHocMultipleComparisonsofGain2.Note:1=controlgroup,2=comprehensiongroup,3=productiongroupDelayedtest-pretest延安大学外国语学院FindingsResultsindicatethatthereissignificantdifferencebetweenGroup1andGroup3bothinimmediateposttestanddelayedposttest.Theconditionleadingtotheacquisitionofmorenewwordsinoutputactivitiesarenoticing,word-inducedinvolvementloadandreoccurrenceofthetargetitem.Memoryperformanceisdeterminedfarmorebythenatureoftheprocessingactivitiesengagedinbythelearner.延安大学外国语学院SuggestionsSecondly,encouragedbySkehan’sInformationProcessingModel(1999),itcanbesuggestedthatinterveninginlearners’outputprocesstofurthersecondlanguagevocabulary’slearningnaturally.Firstly,duetooutputexertsacriticaleffectontheacquisitionofunknownwords,itisnaturalandwell-reasonedthatlanguagevocabularyinstructionissupposedtobeoutput-orientedotherthancomprehension-oriented.延安大学外国语学院Limitations(1)Thepretestoftheexperimentaldesignmaypromptthelearnerstonoticethenewwordsandsensitizethemtovocabularylearning.(2)Animportantlimitationofthestudyconcernsthesmallsample.Detailedclassroom-basedstudiesmaynotbegeneralizabletoalargerpopulationoflearners.(3)Itisdifficulttocontrolthetimeofexperimentexactly.延安大学延安大学外国语学院Thankyouforyourattention!