美国文学John-Steinbeck-the-Grapes-of-Wrath-愤怒的葡萄

THEGRAPESOFWRATHBYCYANJohnSteinbeckI.Socialbackground1)TheGreatDepressionin1930sTheWallStreetcrashinOct.24,1929,“thebottomdroppedofthestockmarket”Result:a.Thedimdecadeof1930sreplacedtheglittering1920s.Banksfailed,factoriesclosedandagriculturewithered;Joblessmillionsroamedthestreet;thebreadlessstretchedlong;Absolutepovertyandstruggledforsurvivalisanightmarishexperienceoflife.b.ThephysicalwastelandreplacedthespiritualwastelandrepresentedbyT.S.Eliot.MajorFeaturesofthe1930s’LiteratureContent:SocialinvolvementandconcernaboutthesocietyTechnique:therevivalofnaturalismandrealisminadditiontotheinfluenceofmodernismJohnSteinbeck(1902-1968)SalinasCalifornia(1902)Stanford(1919-1925)NewYork(1925)CupofGold（1929）PulitzerPrize(1940)NobelPrize(1962)WarCorrespondent(1966)III.Majorworks1.Firstnovel:CupofGold(1929)《金杯》2.Worker’sTrilogy:a.InDubiousBattle(1936)《胜负未决》---Aboutthestrikebymigrantfarm-workersb.OfMiceandMen(1937)《人鼠之间》---themutualdependenceandshareddreamsofmigrantfarm-workersc.TheGrapesofWrath(1939)《愤怒的葡萄》hismasterpieceforwhichSteinbeckreceivedtheNobelPrizeforitin19623.TheMoonIsDown(1942)《月亮下去了》4.EastofGarden(1952)《伊甸园以东》SteinbeckbegantowriteaseriesofCalifornianovelsandDustBowlfiction,setamongcommonpeopleduringtheGreatDepression.TheseincludedInDubiousBattle,OfMiceandMenandTheGrapesofWrath.TheGrapesofWrathThebookwontheNationalBookAwardandPulitzerPrizeforfiction.TheGrapesofWrathisfrequentlyreadinAmericanhighschoolandcollegeliteratureclassesduetoitshistoricalcontextandenduringlegacy.AcelebratedHollywoodfilmversionwasmadein1940.---Hisepicmasterpieceofsocialconsciousnessandacrisisnovel;---Apictureofhelplesspeoplecrushedbydroughtanddepression；---OneoftheclassicdocumentsoftheGreatDepressionPlotSetduringtheGreatDepression,thenovelfocusesontheJoads,apoorfamilyoftenantfarmersdrivenfromtheirOklahomahomebydrought,economichardship,agriculturalindustrychangesandbankforeclosuresforcingtenantfarmersoutofwork.Duetotheirnearlyhopelesssituation,andinpartbecausetheyweretrappedintheDustBowl,theJoadssetoutforCalifornia.AlongwiththousandsofotherOkies,theysoughtjobs,land,dignity,andafuture.DustbowlOklahomadustbowlrefugees.1.Sourceofthetitle---AwarsongoftheCivilWar,“TheBattleHymnoftheRepublic”《共和国的战斗赞美诗》：MineeyeshaveseenthegloryofthecomingoftheLord,Heistrampingoutthevintagewherethegrapesofwratharestored“我的眼睛已经见到老爷驾临的荣光，他在践踏那些被储存了很久的愤怒的葡萄”2.MainCharacters3.Purposeofthenovelshowingauthor’sclearexpressionofsympathywiththedispossessedandthewretched4.Biblicalstructure1)The30chaptersfallinto3sections:---First10chapters:thedescriptionofthedrought;---Chapters13to18:thejourneyingtoCalifornia;---Theremaining12chapters:anarrativeofthelifeofthemigrantsinCalifornia2)Biblicalinfluence---Thestorycorrespondsto“TheExodus”《出埃及记》intheOldTestamentoftheBible:TheancientJewswenttoEgyptinsearchoffoodandstayedtherefor400yearsandbecametheslavesoftheEgyptianPharaoh(埃及法老)；Steinbeckpointsouttherealmeaningofthetitle:Somethinginthenatureofasocialrevolutionwouldbeimminentifnothingisdonetostopthedetonation.HeusesGod’swrathintheBibletosymbolizetheangerofpeople.NobelPrizeIn1962,SteinbeckwontheNobelPrizeforliteratureforhisrealisticandimaginativewriting,combiningasitdoessympathetichumorandkeensocialperception.”thewriterisdelegatedtodeclareandtocelebrateman'sprovencapacityforgreatnessofheartandspirit—forgallantryindefeat,forcourage,compassionandlove.Intheendlesswaragainstweaknessanddespair,thesearethebrightrallyflagsofhopeandofemulation.Iholdthatawriterwhodoesnotbelieveintheperfectibilityofmanhasnodedicationnoranymembershipinliterature.—SteinbeckNobelPrizeAcceptanceSpeechWritingStylePoeticproseRegionaldialectManytypesofcharactersDramaticfactorsSocialprotect:Spokesmanforthepoverty-strickenpeople