Toni-Morrison托尼莫里森

BlackAmericanliteratureBeginning:18cMidthefirstAfrican-Americanpoem“AnEveningThought”byJupiterHammonin1761Development:19cslavepoetsGeorgeMosesHorton,WilliamWellsBrown,andWilliamEDwardBurghardtDubois.slavenarratives—autobiographicalrecordsofslavery.Flowering:20cHarlemRenaissance:thefirstfloweringofAfrican-Americanliteraturetookplaceduringthe1920sandtheearly1930sintheHarlemdistrictofNewYork.numerousnovelists,suchasDuBois,McKay,Hurston,JeanToomer,RichardWright,RalphEllison,JamesBaldwin,AlexHaley,ToniMorrison,AliceWalkerandIshmaelReed.Themestoexposetheevilsofslavery,thecrueltiesofnorthernracism.Significance:1.adocumentoftheBlackraceanditsstruggleforemancipationandfreedom2.African-Americanwritersacquirevisibility3.mainstreamliteratureoftheUnitedStates.African-AmericanliteratureToniMorrison•1.Life•2.SeveralhonorsattachedtoMorrison•3.Works4.Themesandartisticfeatures5.RemarksonBelovedLifeaninternationalcelebrityandamajorcontemporaryAmericanWriter.thefirstandonlyAfrican-AmericanwritertohavewontheNobelPrizeforliterature.theforemostauthorofcontemporaryblackwomen’srenaissance.hasblazedanewtrailforherfellowwriters.•BirthandFamily:borntoGeorgeandRamahWillisWoffordin1931,Lorain,Ohio;AMidwesttownclosetotheshoresofLakeEireandtheOhioRiver;thesecondoffourchildreninaworking-classfamily•Educationbackground:well-educated•1953B.A.inEnglishHowardUniversity1955M.A.inEnglishConnellUniversity•Literarycareer:1964:Morrisondivorced,movedtoSyracause,NewYorkwheresheworkedasatextbookeditor,laterbeganwritingfictionandgraduallybecomeaversatilewriterwhowritesnotonlynovels,butalsochildren’sliterature,playsandarticles.LaterlifeteachEnglishattwobranchesoftheStateUniversityofNewYorkandretiredin2006andiscurrentlyamemberoftheeditorialboardofTheNationmagazine.SeveralhonorsattachedtoMorrison•1977NationalBookCriticsCircleAwardforSongofSolomon•1977AmericanAcademyandInstituteofArtsandLettersAward•1987-88RobertF.KennedyBookAward[21]•1988AmericanBookAwardforBeloved•1988Anisfield-WolfBookAwardinRaceRelationsforBeloved•1988PulitzerPrizeforFictionforBeloved•1989MLACommonwealthAwardinLiterature•1993NobelPrizeforLiterature•1993CommanderoftheArtsandLetters,Paris•1994CondorcetMedal,Paris•1994PearlBuckAward•1994RhegiumJuliiPrizeforLiterature•1996JeffersonLecture•1996NationalBookFoundation'sMedalofDistinguishedContributiontoAmericanLetters•2000NationalHumanitiesMedal•In2002,scholarMolefiKeteAsantelistedToniMorrisononhislistof100GreatestAfricanAmericans.[Works•Novels:①Thebluesteye(1970)②Sula(1973)③SongofSolomon(1977)④TarBaby(1981)⑤Beloved(1987)⑥Jazz(1992)⑦Paradise(1999）⑧Love(2003)⑨AMercy(2008)•Children'sliterature(withSladeMorrison)Thebigbox(1999)Thebookofmeanpeople(2002)ThemesandArtisticfeaturesThemes•Slaveryposteffect•Therelationshipbetweentheindividualandthecommunity.•Culturaldifference•Freedomandemancipationoftheblack•Sexismandself-recognizationandgrowth.ArtisticfeaturesforeversettingintheMidwesttown.MythicelementsPoeticandlyricallanguageSharpobservationBeloved•Position:establishedMorrisonasawriterofthefirstrank.wonthePulitzerPrizeforfiction,AmericanBookAwardin1988•Setting:CincinnatiaroundtheReconstructionperiod(aftertheCivilWar,wheneconomyandsocialstructureswererebuilt).•Theleadingcharacter:Setheanescapedwomanslave—theprotagonist;”Beloved”;Denver;PaulD•Theme:theevilofslaveryandvalueoffreedom•Symbolism:theghostsymbolizesthedestructivelegacyofslavery.•Structure:flashback.•Remarks:reopenthedeepwoundsofslavery;slaveryismorehorriblethandeath;blackpeople’sself-growth;manvs.group