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第一部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题：每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D），选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AAlmostallAmericancitieshavenicknames.Theyhelpestablishacity’sidentity.Theycanalsospreadunityandprideamongitscitizens.Twoeastcoastcities--PhiladelphiaandBoston--werebothimportantintheearlyhistoryoftheUnitedStates.PhiladelphiaisbestknownasTheCityofBrotherlyLove.In1681,KingCharlesIIofEnglandgaveWilliamPennalargeamountoflandtoestablishacolony.ThekingnamedthecolonyPennsylvaniainhonorofPenn’sfather.WilliamPennwasaQuaker.Hebroughthisbeliefsaboutequality,religiousfreedomandbrotherlylovetothisnewland.PennwasalsoanexpertinLatinandGreek.HeestablishedacityandnameditPhiladelphia,whichisGreekfor“brotherlylove”.AnancientcitycalledPhiladelphiawasalsonotedinChristianity’sholybook,theBible.Philadelphiabecamethesocial,politicalandgeographicalcenteroftheAmericancolonies.Inthelate1700s,manyeventsthattookplaceinPhiladelphiagavebirthtotheAmericanRevolutionandindependence.Forexample,theDeclarationofIndependenceandtheConstitutionweresignedinthecity.Philadelphiawasthetemporarycapitalofthenewnationfrom1790to1800.SomeofPhiladelphia’sothernicknamesareTheQuakerCity,TheCradleofLibertyandTheBirthplaceofAmerica.Philadelphiaisalongname,somanypeopleJustcallitPhilly.1.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothetext?A.PhiladelphiaisoriginallyaLatinword.B.PhiladelphiawasgivenitsnameinmemoryofPenn’sfather.C.PhiladelphiausedtobethecapitalofAmericaforabout100years.D.Penn’sbeliefsasaQuakeraffectedthenamingofPhiladelphia2.WhatistheProbablereasonwhyPhiladelphiawasnicknamedasTheCradleofLiberty?A.ItwasoncetheCapitalofAmerica.B.ItspeopleenjoyedgreaterlibertythananyothercitiesinAmerica.C.ManysignificanteventshappeningtherecontributedtotheindependenceofAmerica.D.Itwassocially,politicallyaswellasgeographicallysignificantintheAmericancolonies.3.Whatismostlikelytobeintroducedinthenextpartofthetext?A.ThedevelopmentofPhiladelphiaB.ThenicknamesofBostonC.ThereasonswhyPhiladelphiagotitsnicknames.D.TherelationshipbetweenPhiladelphiaandBostonBFive-year-oldAlbertEinsteinstaredatacompassinhishandasifitheldmagic.Hisfatherexplaineditwasmagnetismthatmadethecompassneedlealwayspointnorth.Tomanychildrenthecompasswouldhavebeenjustanothertoy.ToAlbertthecompasswasamiraclehewouldneverforget.ButthenAlberthadalwaysbeendifferentfromotherchildren.BornonMarch14,1879,inGermany,Alberthadn’tbeenlookedlikeotherbabies.Hismother,Paulinethoughtthebackofhisheadlookedstrange.Otherbabiesdidn’thavesuchlarge,pointedskulls.WassomethingwrongwithAlbert?FinallythedoctortoldPaulineeverythingwasfine.WhenAlbertwasone,hisfamilymovedtoMunich,wherehissister,Maja,wasbornayearlater.Lookingdownatthetinysleepingbundle,Albertwaspuzzled.Wherewerethebaby’swheels?Thedisappointedtwoyearoldwantedtoknow.Alberthadexpectedababysistertobesomethinglikeatoy,andmostofhistoyshadwheels.Albert’sparentswereamusedbyhisconfusion.Butanyresponseatallwouldhavedelightedthem.Atanagewhenmanychildrenhavelotstosay,Albertseemedstrangelybackward.HermannandPaulinewonderedwhyhewassolateintalking.Wastheirsondevelopingnormally?AsAlbertgrewolder,hecontinuedtohavetroubleputtinghisthoughtsintowords.Evenwhenhewasnineyearsold,hespokeslowly,ifhedecidedtosayanythingatall.PaulineandHermanndidn’tknowwhattothink.ButAlbertwasagoodlistenerandagoodthinkerSometimeswhenhewenthikingwithhisparentsandMaja,hethoughtabouthisfather’scompassandwhatithadrevealedtohim.Theclear,openmeadowswerefilledwithmorethanthewindorthescentofflowers.Theywerealsofilledwithmagnetism.TheverythoughtofitquickenedAlbert’spulse.4.WhydidAlbertthinkthecompasswasamiracle?A.Becausethecompasswasanothertoyforhim.B.Becausethecompasswasanothertoolforhim.C.Becausethecompassalwaysmoved.D.Becausethecompassalwayspointedtothenorth.5.HowoldwasAlbertwhenhissisterwasborn?A.OneyearoldB.TwoyearsoldC.FouryearsoldD.Fiveyearsold6.WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph3?A.Hefeltverypuzzledbecausehisbabysisterhadnowheels.B.Hefeltveryconfusedbecausehisbabysisterdidn’ttalktohim.C.Hefeltverypleasedbecausehisbabysisterlookedlikehistoy.D.Hefeltverysatisfiedbecausehisbabysisterlikedhim.7.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.AMiracleforYoungAlbertB.Einstein’sChildhoodStoriesC.WhatMakesEinsteinDifferentD.EinsteinandHisFamilyCTheYearof1510ArtIn1510,artdevelopedandthefirstwidelydistributedprintedbook,Gutenberg’sBible,hadappearedinthe1450s.ExplorerswereexpandingknowledgeoftheplanetastheycrossedtheAtlantic,orpushedsouthalongtheAfricanandSouthAmericacontinents.ArthistoriansnameonlyMichaelangeloandRaphaelastalentedenoughtorankwiththeirpeer,LeonardodaVinci,mostknownforhispaintingsofthe“MonaLisa”and“TheLastSupper”.Centurieslater,noonecannameamanasintellectuallydiverseasdaVinci,whoseinterestincludedbiology,botany,engineering,physics,astronomy,medicineandotherfieldsamanequallyathomeintheartsandthescientists,knownforhisinventionsandhisartistictalent.Thereis,however,aGermanpainter,printmakerandtheoristfromNurembergwhosewatercolorsandwoodcutsrevealremarkabletalent.HeisAlbrechtDurer(1471-1528),whoseworkshavestoodthetestoftime,makinghimaniconoftheN