搜索
GrammarandusageRevision翻译下列句子。（1）要学好一门外语是不容易的。（2）我们拒绝他们的邀请会显得无礼。（3）和他争论这件事是没有用的。（4）据说Robert过去曾在国外学习过，但我不知道是在哪个国家。（5）母亲轻轻地走了进来，以免惊醒熟睡的儿子。（6）我叫小李给你修收音机。（7）这个孩子需要照顾。（8）Tom迟到了使老师很生气。(1)It'snoteasytolearnaforeignlanguagewell.(2)Itwouldberudeofustorefusetheirinvitation.(3)Itisnousearguingwithhimaboutit.(4)Robertissaidtohavestudiedabroad,butIdon’tknowwhichcountryhestudiedin.(5)Mothercameinquietlysoasnottowakeupthesleepingboy.(6)I'llhaveXiaoLirepairtheradioforyou.(7)Thechildneedslookingafter/tobelookedafter.(8)Tom’sbeinglatemadetheteacherangry.非谓语动词过去分词不定式动名词现在分词分词-ing形式动名词现在分词非谓语动词的句法功能主语宾语表语宾补定语状语不定式动名词分词主语宾语表语宾补定语状语主语宾语表语定语表语宾补定语状语分词一、形式主动形式被动形式一般式完成式△过去分词只有一种形式:△现在分词：doingbeingdonehavingdonehavingbeendonedone二、功能1．作表语2．作定语3．作宾语补足语4．作状语1.分词作表语•surprising,surprisedTheresultwas___________.Theywere____________atthenews.•satisfied,satisfyingHeappeared__________withmyanswer.Theanswerwas____________.surprisingsurprisedsatisfiedsatisfying总结：现在分词作表语:一般表示主动或主语的性质和特征,“令人……”的意思,主语多数情况是sth.过去分词作表语:一般表示被动或说明主语情感心理上的感受,“感到……的”,主语多数情况是sb.interesting使人感兴趣的interested感兴趣的exciting令人激动的excited感到激动的delighting令人高兴的delighted感到高兴的disappointing令人失望的disappointed感到失望的encouraging令人鼓舞的encouraged感到鼓舞的pleasing令人愉快的pleased感到愉快的puzzling令人费解的puzzled感到费解的satisfying令人满意的satisfied感到满意的surprising令人惊异的surprised感到惊异的worrying令人担心的worried感到担心的2.分词作定语A.单个分词作定语boilingwaterboiledwaterdevelopingcountrydevelopedcountryfallingleavesfallenleavesrisingsunrisensun现在分词表示正在进行的动作;过去分词表示已经完成的动作。总结：B.表示情感心理的分词作定语•exciting,excitedHetoldusthe__________news.The_________pupilsjumpedwithjoy.•Hehada________(terrify)lookinhiseyes.•Theboyansweredina___________(frighten)voice.过去分词除修饰sb.以外,还可修饰表示神态、声音等的名词,说明主语的心理状态。excitedexcitingterrifiedfrightened总结：C.分词短语作定语•Tellthechildren________(play)therenottomakesomuchnoise.•Didyouseetheman_______(talk)tothemanager?•Iusedtoliveinaroom_______(face)south.•Thehouse___________(stand)atthecornerofthestreetwasbuiltin1955.playingtalking=whowastalking=whoareplayingtherefacing=whichfaced=thatstandsstanding总结：现在分词作定语:a.表示正在进行的动作b.表示经常性的动作或现在/当时的状态。•Isthisthebook_____________(recommend)byourteacher?•Themeeting________(hold)lastweekisveryimportant.•Ihatetoseeletters________(write)inpencil.recommendedheldwritten总结：过去分词作定语：表示被动•注①：如果所表示的动作此刻正在发生，用现在分词的被动形式来表示，如：Themeeting_______________(hold)nowisveryimportant.Wemustkeepasecretofthethings_______________here.•注②：如果所表示的是一个未来的动作，用不定式的被动形式来表示，如：Themeeting_____________(hold)nextweekisveryimportant.Pleasetellmethesubjects_______________(discuss)atthenextmeeting.beingheldbeingdiscussedtobeheldtobediscussed3.作宾语(主语)补足语：•Hislecturegotus_________(think).•Hegothisbike________(repair)justnow.•Hewatchedthebed________(carry)outofthedoor.•Hefeltagreatweight________(take)offhismind.他感到心头如释重负。•Howwouldyoulikeyourhair______(cut)?•Heisverypopularamongthestudentsashealwaystriestomakethem_________(interest)inhislectures.•Theotherday,Ihadmypocket________(pick)onthebus.•Iamsorrytohavekeptyou___________(wait)forsolongatime.thinkingrepairedcarriedtakencutinterestedpickedwaiting•havesbdoingsth•getsb/sthdoingsth•have/getsthdone•havesthdone•makeoneselfheard/understood•leavesthundone使...一直做使...开始行动使...被做使...遭受使自己被听到/被理解留下...未做总结：现在分词做宾语补足语时，与宾语存在主动关系；过去分词做宾语补足语时，与宾语存在被动关系。4.分词作状语形式意义doinghavingdonedonebeingdonehavingbeendone主动，与主句谓语动词同时或基本同时发生主动，先于谓语动词发生被动被动，正在进行，一般作原因状语放句首被动，先于谓语动词发生A.作时间状语：①Whentheyheardthebadnews，theycouldn’thelpcrying.=_______(hear)thebadnews,theycouldn’thelpcrying.②Whenweweretakenaroundthecity,weweredeeplyimpressedbythecity’snewlook.When______aroundthecity,weweredeeplyimpressedbythecity’snewlook.③Whenhefinishedhiswork,hewenthome.________________hiswork,hewenthome.HearingtakenHavingfinishedB.作原因状语：①Becausehewaspoor,hecouldnotaffordtotravelabroad.=___________(bepoor),hecouldnotaffordtotravelabroad.•___________(encourage)byhisheroicdeeds,theyworkedharder.•_______(lose)inthought,healmostranintoapost.__________(frighten)bythebigforestfire,theanimalsallranaway.•_____________(notknow)heraddress,wecouldn’tgetintouchwithher.BeingpoorEncouragedLostFrightenedNotknowing②BecauseIhadn’treceivedhisletter,Idecidedtocallhimup.=___________________(notreceive)hisletter,Idecidedtocallhimup.•_________________(neverbe)tothecity,hesoongotlost.NothavingreceivedHavingneverbeenC.方式/伴随状语:①Shewatchedthefilm,________(weep)and_______(sigh).②Theteacherstoodthere,__________(surround)byalotofstudents.D.作条件状语：①IfIweregivenanotherchance,Iwouldhavedonethejobfarbetter.=______anotherchance,Iwouldhavedonethejobfarbetter.②(If)________(play)allday,youwillwasteyourvaluabletime.weepingsighingsurroundedGivenPlayingE.作结果状语：(意料中的结果)①Thehuntersfired,_________(shoot)oneofthewolves.②Thebuswasheldupbythesnowstorm,thus_________(cause)thedelay.区别:不定式表示意外的结果Hehurriedtothestation,only________(find)thetrainhadleft.F.作让步状语：①Thoughitheavilyrainedheavily,itclearedupverysoon.=________________,itclearedupverysoon.②Though_____(tell)ofthedanger,hestillriskedhislifetosavetheboy.shootingcausingtofindRainingheavilytold分词作状语时,需注意:A.分词短语作状语时,它的逻辑主语通常应是__________________(s