机械设计制造及其自动化专业英语-Unit-07-Shaper-Planer-Milling-and-

word•shaper[‘ʃeipə]n.牛头刨床；插床•planer[ˈpleinə]n.龙门刨床•millingmachine[ˈmɪlɪŋməˈʃin]铣床•grindingmachine磨床•contour[ˈkɑ:ntʊr]n.外形，轮廓；•dovetail[ˈdʌvteil]n.楔形榫头；•keyway['ki:wei]n.键槽•serration[seˈreiʃən]n.锯齿；锯齿状突起；Shaper,Planer,MillingandGrindingMachines1word•profiling[ˈprəufailiŋ]n.仿形切削；靠模加工•duplication[ˌdju:pli‘keiʃən]n.复制品；成倍•ram[ræm]n.（牛头刨）滑枕•keyseater['ki:si:tə]n.键槽铣床，铣键槽机•reciprocate[riˈsiprəkeit]v.（使）往复（运动）•versatile[ˈvə:sətail]a.通用的，万向的，多能的Shaper,Planer,MillingandGrindingMachines2word•diverse[daiˈvə:s]a.不同的，（各种）各样的，多样的•abrasive[əˈbreisiv]n.研磨剂，磨料•bond[bɑ:nd]v.黏结•impart[imˈpɑ:t]v.给予，产生•lapping[ˈlæpiŋ]v.研磨，精磨•honing[ˈhəuniŋ]n.搪（珩）磨Shaper,Planer,MillingandGrindingMachines3ShapersShapersaremachinetoolsusedprimarilyintheproductionofflatandangularsurfaces.牛头刨床是主要用于加工平面（平坦的）和斜面（有角的）的加工机床。4Inaddition,theshaperisusedtomachineirregularshapesandcontourswhicharedifficulttoproduceonothermachinetools.Internalaswellasexternalsurfacesandshapescanbeproducedontheshaper.此外，牛头刨床还可用于加工在其它机床上难于加工的不规则形状和外形轮廓。内外表面和形状都可以在牛头刨床上加工。5ShapersCommonshapesproducedontheshaperareflat,angular,grooves[ɡruvz],dovetails,T-slots,keyways,slots,serrations,andcontours.牛头刨床可以加工的形状通常有平面，斜面，凹槽，楔形榫头（燕尾槽），T型槽，键槽，槽，锯齿和外形轮廓。6ShapersSingle-pointcuttingtoolssimilartothetypeusedonthelathe[leð]areusedinmachiningmostsurfacesontheshaper.Contoursurfacescanbeproducedwitheitherasingle-pointtooloraformedcuttingtool.牛头刨床上用来加工大多数表面的单点切削刀具与车床（机床）上使用的相类似。轮廓面可以用单点刀具或成型刀具切削出来。7ShapersWhenusingasingle-pointcuttingtoolforcontoursurfaces,thedepthofcutmustbeconstantlyregulatedbythemachineoperatortoachievethepropercontour.用单点切削刀具加工表面时，操作人员应不断地调整切削深度来加工出合适的轮廓。8ShapersProfilingattachmentscanbeusedonsomeshaperstoregulatethefeedmotionandprovideduplicationofotherparts.Numericalcontrolunitsalsoenabletheproductionofirregularsurfaceswithconstantregulationofthedepthofcut.在一些牛头刨床上用仿形附件来调整进给运动及复制（品）其它零件的轮廓。使用数字控制单元能不断地调整切削深度来完成不规则曲面的加工。9ShapersShapersareclassifiedbytheplaneinwhichthecuttingactionoccurs,eitherhorizontalorvertical.Inadditionthehorizontal-typeshapersarefurtherclassifiedaspushorpullcut.牛头刨床类型由发生切削的平面来定义，无论是卧式的还是立式的。另外，卧式的还被进一步划分为推刨或拉刨。10ShapersApush-cutshapercutswhiletheramispushingthetoolacrossthework,andapullcutmachineremovesmaterialwhilethetoolispulledtowardthemachine.Verticalshapersuseapushing-typecuttingactionandaresometimesreferredtoasslottersorkeyseaters.推刨式牛头刨床在滑枕将刀具推入工件时切割，而拉刨式牛头刨床是将刀具向机器拉动时切割材料。垂直牛头刨床使用推式切割动作，有时称为开槽机或铣键槽机。11ShapersPlanersaresimilartoshapersbecausebothmachinesareprimarilyusedtoproduceflatandangularsurfaces.However,planersarecapableofaccommodatingmuchlargerwork-piecesthantheshaper.龙门刨床与牛头刨床类似，因为两者都用来加工平面或斜面。然而，不同的是龙门刨床适合加工更大尺寸的工件。12PlanersInplaneroperationstheworkpieceismountedonthetablewhichreciprocatesinahorizontalplaneprovidingastraight-linecuttingandfeedaction.Single-pointcuttingtoolsaremountedonanoverheadcrossrailandalongtheverticallysupportedcolumns.在龙门刨床加工过程中，工件被安装在提供直线切削和进给运动的沿水平往复运动的工作台上。单点切割刀具被安装在上方的交叉导轨和垂直支撑柱上。13PlanersThecuttingtoolsarefedintoorawayfromtheworkpieceoneitherthehorizontalorverticalplane,thusbeingcapableoffourstraight-linefeedmotions.Cuttingspeedsareslowontheplanerbecauseoftheworkpiecesizeandtypeofcuttingtoolbeingused.刀具在水平方向和垂直方向朝向或远离工件做进给运动，因此刀具有四个直线进给运动。因为工件尺寸和使用刀具类型的关系，龙门刨床的切削速度比较慢。14PlanersInordertoincreasetheproductionoftheplaner,multipletoolingstationsareemployed.Twotoolingstationsarelocatedontheoverheadcrossrails,withusuallyonetoolingstationontheverticalsupports.为了提高龙门刨床的生产效率，会使用多个刀架来进行切削。在上方交叉导轨上会安装两个刀架，在垂直支撑柱上会安装一个。15PlanersAnothermethodofincreasingproductionontheplaneristomountanumberofworkpiecesonthetableatthesametime.Thismethodisonlyfeasiblewhentheworkpiecesrequirethesamecutandarerelativelysmallinsize.另一种提高龙门刨床生产率的方法是在工作台上同时装夹多个零件。只有工件具有相同的切削要求和工件尺寸相对较小时才能使用这种方法。16PlanersTheplanersizeisdesignated['dezɪɡneɪtɪd]bythemaximumworkpiececapacityofthemachine.Theheight,width,andlengthoftheworkpiecethatcanbeaccommodatedontheplaner'sworktablevarieswiththetypeofplaner.龙门刨床的尺寸是由机床所能加工最大零件的能力来决定的。能够加工零件的长、宽、高随着龙门刨床型号的不同而不同。17PlanersMillingmachinesareprobablythemostversatile[ˈvə:sətail]machinetoolsusedinmodernmanufacturingwiththeexceptionofthelathe.铣床可能是除了车床以外现代制造中使用的最通用的机床。18MillingMachinesPrimarilydesignedtoproduceflatandangularsurfaces,themillingmachineisalsousedtomachineirregularshapes,surfaces,grooves,andslots.Themillingmachinecanalsobeusedfordrilling,boring,reaming,andgear-cuttingoperations.主要设计用来做平面和斜面的加工，铣床还可以用来加工不规则形状，曲面，凹槽，槽。铣床还可以进行钻，镗，铰和齿轮加工。19MillingMachinesAnumberofdifferenttypesofmillingmachinesaremanufacturedinordertoservethemultitude[ˈmʌltɪtu:d]ofneedsandthediverseapplications.Millingmachinesareclassifiedaccordingtotheirstructureandincludecolumn-knee[ni],fixedbed,planer,andspecialmachines.许多不同类型的铣床是为满足各种（大众的）需要和各种（不同的）应用而制造的。铣床根据其结构分类，包括立柱（膝盖）、固定床、刨床和专用机床。20MillingMachinesGrindingmachinesutilizeabrasivegrains,bondedintovariousshapesandsizesofwheelsandbeltstobeusedasthecuttingagent.Grindingoperationsareusedtoimpartahigh-qualitysurfacefinishontheworkpiece.磨床使用磨粒进行切削，磨粒粘接在一起形成不同形状不