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ThetermculturalencounterorcultureshockwasfirstintroducedbytheanthropologistObergin1954.Itisatermusedtodescribetheanxietyandfeelings(ofsurprise,disorientation,confusion,etc.)feltwhenpeoplehavetooperatewithinanentirelydifferentculturalorsocialenvironment,suchasaforeigncountry.Whatiscultureencounter?1.What’sCultureShock?Itmeansstrongfeelingsofdiscomfort,fear,oranxiety,whichpeoplemayhavewhentheyenteranotherculture.文化冲突指某人突然身处异族文化或环境中而经受的一种不安、恐惧、焦虑的状况。TranslationSymptomsofcultureshockexcessivewashingofhandsexcessiveconcernover……Fearofphysicalcontact……headaches,stomach/backaches,dizziness,ulcersexcessivesleepinessdifficulttosleepwellinsomniatendtofeeltired……helplessdesirefordependenceon…frustratedfeardepressionlonelinessisolatedanger,aggression,hatred,hostilitywithdrawal,……physical&psychologicalbackfivephasesofcultureshock1honeymoon2depression3regression5reverse4recoveryHoneymoonPhaseEverythingusuallygoes____________.RejectionPhaseThenewcomermayencountermanyproblemsin____________,_________,orinterpersonalcommunication.Youmayfeelthatpeoplemaynolongercareaboutyourproblem,andtheydon’tlikeforeigners.Thenewcomermaystartto________________and_______thehostculture.RegressionPhaseYouspendmuchofyourtimespeakingyourownlanguage,watchingvideofromyourhomecountry,andeatingfoodfromhome.Youmayremember______________________________________fairlysmoothlytransportationshoppingcomplainaboutrejectgoodthingsaboutyourhomecountryonlytheRecoveryPhaseYoubecomemorecomfortablewiththecustomsofyourhostcountry.Youstarttorealizethatnocountry__________________________---theyarejust__________.ReverseCultureShockYouarenolonger_______________________________________.Itmaytakealittlewhiletobecomeateasewithyourhomeculture.ismuchbetterthananotherdifferentcompletelycomfortableinyourhomecountryIV.Recovery/adjustmentStageYouhavereachedapointwhereyouactuallyfeel______________.Thethingsthatinitiallymadeyoufeel_________,or___________arenowthingsthatyou___________.Nowyoufeel_____________;youhaveadjustedtothenewculture.goodandpositivestrangeuncomfortableunderstandcomfortableHowtodealwithculturalencounters?—Beawareofthesymptoms—Developfriendships—Haveasenseofhumor—Askquestionsaboutsocialcustoms—Takeacourseorreadabookoncross-culturalcommunication—developpositiveattitude(open-minded)—Findwaystominimizetheirritation—Improveyourlanguageproficiency—Sparetimeforrelaxation—Don’tbeafraidtotakerisks—reexamyourvaluesandoutlook—Talktherapy—talkwithotherChinese—gototheoutsideandtrytolookforsomethingyouareinterestedin;—findsomeChinesebooks/music/foodtoenjoyPre-readingquestions1.21stCenturyisanewage.Whatkindofageisit?2.Insuchanage,whatisneededtopassoninformation?Pre-readingquestions•21stcenturyisanInformationage.•Language.Communicationisimpossiblewhendifferentpeoplesspeakdifferentlanguages.Communicationcantakeplacewhenpeoplefromdifferentculturalbackgroundsshareasamelanguage.•Inthissense,wecansaythatthenewageisacross-culturalcommunicationagewhichdemandspeopletohavecross-culturalcommunicationawarenessandknowledge.•3.Whatlanguageisconsideredasagloballanguage?Why?•4.Whatmakespeoplefeeldifficultincommunicationwithnon-nativespeakers?•5.Doyouknowtheseterms?•monolingualbilingualmultilingual•StimulatingandEnlighteningQuotations:•“Peoplebegintounderstandtheirownculturesonlyaftertheyhavebeguninteractingwithpeoplefromanotherculture.”•Whatis“right”inoneculturemaybe“wrong”inanother.•“Communicationisariskybusiness.”•Inordertoavoid“communicationbreak-down”causedby“culturalbumps”onthe“businesshighway”,wemustdevelopculturalawarenessoftheinfluentialfactorsbehindthespeechactsandgaintheknowledgeofeachother’sbehaviorpatterns,politestrategiesandculturalassociations,etc.••Tolearnaforeignlanguagewithoutlearningitscultureisaverygoodwaytomakeoneselfalanguagefluentfool.TakeChineseandEnglishidiomsadropintheocean沧海一粟tolaughoffone’shead笑掉大牙toshedcrocodiletears猫哭老鼠tospendmoneylikewater挥金如土turnupone'snoseat嗤之以鼻raincatsanddogs倾盆大雨blackandblue鼻青脸肿laughoffone'shead捧腹大笑atsixesandsevens乱七八糟SusanBassnett•SusanBassnettisProfessorintheCentreforTranslationandComparativeCulturalStudieswhichshefoundedinthe1980s.•ShewaseducatedinseveralEuropeancountries,whichgaveheragroundingindiverselanguagesandcultures.•Sheisauthorofover20books,andherTranslationStudies,(3rded.2002)whichfirstappearedin1980,hasremainedconsistentlyinprintandhasbecomethemostimportanttextbookaroundtheworldintheexpandingfieldofTranslationStudies.•HerComparativeLiterature:ACriticalIntroduction(1993)hasalsobecomeaninternationallyrenownedworkandhasbeentranslatedintoseverallanguages.•RecentbooksincludeSylviaPlath:AnIntroductiontothePoetry(2004),.Structuralanalysisofthetext•Everylanguageispartofaculture.Alanguageisapartofaculture,andacultureisapartofalanguage;thetwoareintricatelyinterwovensothatonecannotseparatethetwowithoutlosingthesignificanceofeitherlanguageorculture.•Therefore,Thethesisstatementtheauthorputsforthis“Mostfundamentalistheprofoundrelationshipbetweenlanguageandculturethatliesattheheartofsocietyandonethatweoverlookatourperil.”•Thi