Summary-and-Book-Report

AHandbookofWritingElementaryWriting(Continued)Chapter6SummaryandreportChapter7FormalandInformalStylesChapter8ResearchPaperChapter9PracticalWritingChapter10PunctuationChapter6SummaryandBookReportSummary1.Whatisasummary?2.Whatisasummaryfor?3.Characteristicsofagoodsummary?4.Howtowriteasummary?5.PracticeQuestions1.Haveeverwrittenanysummaries?Whatdoyouthinkisasummary?2.Whatdoyouthinkisimportantinwritinganexcellentsummary?1.Whatisasummary?Itisabriefrestatementoftheessentialthoughtofalongercomposition.Itreproducesthethemeoforiginalwithasfewwordsaspossible.Oneshouldnotinterpretorcomment.Allonehastodoistogivethemajorandexactmeaningoftheoriginal.2.Whatisasummaryfor?1)Toimprovereadingcomprehensionandtotrainconcentrationofattention;2)Tohelpcompositionwriting.Oneshouldexpresshisthoughtclearly,concisely,andeffectively.3)Todevelopsuchpracticalabilitiesasgraspingquicklyandaccuratelywhatisreadorheard,reproducingthevaluableinformationclearlyandconcisely.3.Characteristicsofagoodsummary?Understandablewithoutreferencetotheoriginal;Afaithfulreproductionofonlytheideasorinformationof,theoriginal;Briefwithoutanyunnecessarydetail;Readableunifiedwhole4.Howtowriteasummary?1.Reading1)Readcarefullytogetthegist(主旨，要点;梗概)2)Giveatitlesummarizingthemainidea/themeAword,phrase,orshortsentence3)Selecttheimportantandessentialpartsofthearticleasthematerial4)Jotdowninbriefnotesthemainpoints:thesubject,themainideas,theargumentsandtypicalexamples.2.WritingRequirements:1)Writewithinlimitedlengthaboutone-thirdtoone-fourthoftheoriginallength;2)Useyourownwords;Itmustnotbepatchwork3)Followtheoriginalorderofthearticle;4)Conveythemessageoftheoriginalfullyandclearly;5)Writeterselyandconcisely:compressiona.Omitdetailsb.Reducetheexamplesc.Simplifythedescriptionsd.Eliminateallrepetitionse.Compresswordysentencesandchangephrasesintowords.3.RevisionCasestudy1.Argumentation:PassageonP2612.summarysample:Task1Supplyashorttitleforthispassage.Task2Markthekeywordsintheoriginal.Task3Capturethetrainofthoughtintheoriginalandpresentitbyusingarrowsforprogressionofdiscussion.Task4Revisethefollowingsummaryproducedbyastudenttobringitslengthdowntobelow80words.Task2Theconceptionofpovertyandwhattodoaboutithavechangedoverthedecades.UnderSocialDarwinismthelazyandtheinefficientweresupposedtobeatthebottomoftheeconomicladderasaconsequenceofthe“lawofsurvivalofthefittest.”Societywasconceivedasanetworkofself-sufficientfamilieswhichprovidedfortheirown.Needypersonsoutsideahousehold(orphans,childlesselderly,andthecrippled)wereprovidedoutdoorreliefgrudginglyandasatemporaryexpedient.Althoughitwasagreedthe“poorwillalwaysbewithus,”theindividualwasexpectedtoimprovehimselfthroughactsofhisownwill.Charitywasthoughttobeencouragedtoworkharder.Atabouttheturnofthecentury,theclosingofthefrontierandthebeginningofconcernaboutnaturalresourcesbroughtuneasinessaboutthepossiblespreadofbeggary.Thepoorwereapotentiallydangerousclassintermsofdiseaseanddisorder.The“poor”wereseenasdifferentfrom“paupers.”Pauperswereindividualswelladjustedtobeingonthelowendofthesocioeconomicscale.Withoutshameorbitterness,theywouldnotseekindependenceanda“betterlife.”Forthemountaineers,subsistencedwellers,andsomeslumdweller,thelackofwealth,ithasbeenargued,reflectsapreferencenottopaythepsychologicalcostsofthestruggleforrichesorofadoptingthemiddle-classworkethicofstriving.Incontrast,theworthypoorstruggledtoimprovetheirlotagainstcircumstancesbeyondtheircontrol:lowwages,sickness,industrialaccidents,widowhood,andsoon.Task3Thechangeintheconceptionofpoverty→ThesituationwhenSocialDarwinismprevailed→ThebeliefsinSocialDarwinism:(1)socialstructure;(2)socialsecuritysystem;(3)dutiesoftheindividual→Thesituationattheturnofthecenturywhenbeggarystartedtospread→Conceptionofthepoorthen→Thecontrastbetweenthepoorandpaupers→Illustrationthroughthecontrastbetweenthemountaineers,etc.andtheworthypoorTask4Ideasconcerningpovertyhavechanged.UnderSocialDarwinismitwasthoughtthatfamilieswereself-sufficientandshouldbeabletotakecareofthemselves.Thosewhoneededhelpweregrudginglygivensomereliefasatemporarynecessity.However,attheturnofthecentury,therewasuneasinessconcerningthepossiblespreadofbeggary.The“poor”wereviewedasapotentiallydangerousclassandwerenotinterestedinseekinga“betterlife,”whereasthe“worthypoor”werethosewhodidstruggletoimprovetheirlotagainstconditionsbeyondtheircontrol.(100words)Assignment3.Speech:Nationincrisis(PartofObama’sinaugurationspeech)4.Essay:OfStudybyFrancisBacon5.BiographyBarackObamaDifferencebetweenabookreportandabookreviewAbookreport读书报告Afactualaccountofthesubjectmatterofthebook,whichimpliestobedescriptiveratherthanpersuasiveandanalytical;Itsaimistopresentthecontentandthestructureofthebookasobjectivelyaspossible.Itissimplyasummaryofthecontentsofthebook.Abookreview书评Acriticalevaluationofthebookthatprovidesathoughtfulandin-depthanalysis,andevaluationofthemainidea,andpurposeofthebook.ItanalysesthestrengthsandweaknessesofthebookintermsofacceptedhistoricalandliterarystandardsItpresentstheasses