Summary特点总结PPT

Summary英语28班交通运输规划与管理小组Definition？1Generalizationistheformationoftheconceptofathinkingprocessandmethod.Bysummary,wemeanabriefrestatement,inyourownwords,ofthecontentofapassage,anarticle,achapterorabook.Inbrief,weshoulduseasfewwordsaspossibletoshowthemainthoughtandtheviewpointofrawmaterials.李妍锦胡美芳程亚杰何文聪李运胡琳曹旭东吕靖侯礼兴李运黎豪王雨晨辛梦阳赵伟忠Thecharacteristicsofsummary!2Thecharacteristicsofsummary1.Pointingoutthetheme,analysisthepurposeorintention.点明主题，解析文章的目的或意图；2.Introducethemaincontent,enablereaderstoquicklyunderstandtheoverview.介绍主要内容，使读者迅速了解文章的概貌；3.Puttingforwardsomeconclusionsorsuggestions,forreference.提出结论或建议，以供读者参考。Thecharacteristicsofsummary1.Content:Highlygeneralization,conciseandcomprehensive,removetheminordetailsandkeepthemaininformation.内容上：高度概括，言简意赅，去除细枝末节，保留主干信息。2.Structure:moreparallelstructureandclause结构上：多用并列结构和从句。Thecharacteristicsofsummary1.Summarycanquicklygrasptheoutlineforthepurpose,withoutsubjectivecommentaryandinterpretation,wecangetconciseandexactrepresentationoftheimportantpartoftheoriginalfromit.摘要能够迅速掌握原文内容梗概为目的，不加主观评论和解释，简明、确切地表述原文的重要内容2.Summaryshouldbeonly1/3or1/4oftheoriginallength.摘要应该只有原文的三分之一或四分之一长3.Statistics,dates,examplesarenotnecessarilyusedinthesummaryandjustfocusonwhatdotheauthorwouldliketoproof.统计数字、日期、例子不一定是用在总结和只关注作者想证明什么。ThecharacteristicsofsummaryAgoodsummaryisconcise,focusingonthemainideas,andleavingoutmuchofthesupportingandexplanatorydetailsoftheoriginaltext.Agoodsummaryisalsocomplete,coveringalloftheimportantideasfoundintheprimarytext.Moreover,asummaryshouldbeobjective:thegoalshouldbetocoverthetextfairly,withoutaddingone'sownopinionsorperspectives.Furthermore,agoodsummaryiscoherent:itcontainsnecessarytransitionsandfunctionstructurestomakeitflowasaunifiedpassage.ThecharacteristicsofsummaryCompletetoincludeallthemainandsupportingpointsdeliveredinyourownwords.Briefomitunnecessarydetailslikeexamples,explanationsandotherunimportantinformationCoherentratherthananoutlinelistedaskeywordsandphrases,asummaryisaparagraphwithnecessarytransitionsandfunctionstructurestomakeitflow.ObjectiveDonotincludeyourownideasoremotionsonthetopic.Thesummaryshouldreflectthecontentoftheoriginalpassageonly.Length1/4---1/3oftheoriginaltextStepstowriteasummary3Stepstowriteasummary1)skimthetexttofindoutthegeneraltheme略读课文,找出一般的主题2)analyzethetext'sstructuretodivideitintoseveralsections,findoutthemainideaofeachsectionandwriteitoutbrieflywithyourownwords.(onesentence)分析文本的结构划分成几个部分,找出每个部分的主要想法,暂时用你自己的话写出来。(一句话)3)writedownthekeysupportingpointsforeachmainideawithoutinvolvingminordetails.写下每个主要思想的关键支持点，不要涉及微小的细节。Stepstowriteasummary4)organizethemainandrelatedsupportingpointsinalogicalorderwithnecessarytransitionstoachievecoherence.组织和相关支持要点与必要的转换逻辑顺序实现一致性。5)proofreadforgrammatical,spellingandpunctuationmistakes.Atthebeginningofasummary,weusuallyelicittheauthor'snameandthenameofthechapter/article.校对语法、拼写和标点符号错误。在总结的开始,我们通常引起引出作者的名字和章的名称/条。4UsefulExpressionsOnonehand,…….Ontheotherhand,……Onereasonis……Anotherreasonis……Stillanotherreasonis……Thefinalreasonis……Tobeginwith,……What’smore,……Inaddition,……Finally,……Inshort,Fromwhatismentionedabove,wecancometotheconclusionthat….SomeUsefulExpressionsofTransitionSomeotherintroductoryphrases1.(Theauthor)statesin(thisarticle)that...2.(Theauthor,in(thisarticle)showsthat...3.In(thisarticle),(theauthor)writesthat...4.As(theauthor)saysin(thisarticle),...5.Themainideaof(theauthor'sarticle)is6.Theauthorbelieves(holds;maintains;claims;argues;pointsout;suggests;proposes)that+clause7.Theauthortalksabout(explains;describes;reveals;discusses;focuseson)+n.Someotherintroductoryphrases5ModelSummaryofArticlesWhydosomeanimalsdieout?Inthepasttwohundredyearspeoplehavecausedmanykindsofanimalstodieout--tobecomeextinct.Peoplekeepbuildinghousesandfactoriesinfieldsandwoods.Astheyspreadovertheland,theydestroyanimals'homes.Iftheanimalscan'tfindaplacetolive,theydieout.SixteenkindsofHawaiianbirdshavebecomeextinctforthisreason.Otheranimals,suchastheFloridaKeydeer,maysoondieoutbecausetheyarelosingtheirhomes.Huntershavecausedsomeanimalstobecomeextinct,too.Inthelastcentury,hunterskilledallthepassengerpigeonsinNorthAmericaandmostofthebuffalos.Todaytheyarefastkillingoffhawksandwolves.Pollutioniskillingmanyanimalstoday,too.Asriversbecomepolluted,fisharepoisoned.Manydie.Birdsthateatthepoisonedfishcan'tlaystrong,healthyeggs.Newbirdsaren’tborn.Sofar,noanimalshavebecomeextinctbecauseofpollution.Butsome,suchasthebaldeagleandthebrownpelican,havebecomerareandmaydieout.Scientiststhinkthatsomeanimalsbecomeextinctbecauseofchangesinclimate.Theplaceswheretheylivebecomehotterorcooler,drierorwetter.Thefoodthattheyeatcannotgrowthereanymore.Iftheanimalscan'tlearntoeatsomethingelse,theydie.Dinosaursmayhavediedoutforthisreason.SummaryInthepasttwohundredyears,manykindsofanimalshavediedout.Thereareseveralreasonsforit.First,peoplekeepbuildinghousesandfactoriesinfieldsandwoods,whichdestroysanimals'homes.Then,hunters'killinghasalsocausedsomeanimalstobecomeextinct.Besides,someanimalsaren'tabletobearstrongoffspringandnordotheyhaveenoughfoo